Biochem Ch 3.1: Amino Acids
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23 Terms
What are the subclasses of amino acids?
Non-polar aliphatic
Polar, Uncharged
Positively Charged
Negatively Charged
Aromatic
Every amino acid is chiral at the alpha C except for…
Glycine
99% of amino acids exist in what form?
L, NOT D form!
What are the non-polar aliphatic amino acids typically used for?
Directing/stabilizing protein-folding and internal structure
The hydrophobic effect
Which aromatic amino acid absorbs UV light the best?
Tryptophan!!
Next is tyrosine, then phenylalanine
Which amino acid is known for forming disulfide bridges with it’s other amino acids?
Cysteine
Attributes of polar, uncharged amino acids
Soluble in water/aqueous environment
Hydrophilic
Form H-bonds with water
On protein surfaces
What is the dimeric amino acid called when two cysteines form a disulfide bond?
Cystine!
The net charge of the positively or negatively charged amino acids depends on…
the pH of the solution
What are positively charged amino acids typically used for?
Ionic interactions, for example with nucleic acids
What are negatively charged amino acids typically used in?
Electrostatic interactions with positively charged amino acids
What is the electrostatic interaction between a positive and negative amino acid called?
A salt bridge
We write amino acids in what direction?
N terminus to C terminus
When pH«pKa, the amino acid is…
Fully protonated
When pH»pKa, the amino acid is…
Deprotonated
At what point in a titration does pH=pKa?
At the midpoints (half way to the inflection points)
At neutral pH, amino acids exist in what state?
zwitterion state
What is the isoelectric point (pI)?
pH when the amino acid has a 0 net charge
For amino acids with no ionizable group other than their side chain, how do you find their pI?
it is the inflection point on a titration.
What is the pKa range for the carboxyl group on an amino acid side chain?
1.8-2.4
What is the pKa range for the amino group on an amino acid side chain?
8.8-11.0
amino acids are connected via…
amide linkages
Average mass of an amino acid =
110 Da
Note 
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