Genetics and Inheritance Review

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering genetics, inheritance, and Mendelian principles.

What is the probability that a child of an Ss parent and an ss parent will have short big toes?

50% or 2/4.

What color factor was found to be dominant in Mendel's pea plant studies?

Purple color factor.

What is a heterozygous genotype example?

Ss, Bb, Dd.

What are chromosomes?

Long, thread-like structures of DNA

What process results in the formation of sex cells?

Meiosis.

What are the two types of alleles according to their dominance?

Dominant and recessive.

What is a mutation?

Any change in DNA that can be inherited or acquired.

What is the difference in eye color among individuals of the same species called?

Variation.

What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant organism?

It has two identical dominant alleles (e.g., PP or AA).

What is the term used to describe inherited characteristics from parents?

Heredity.

What is the expected phenotype ratio in the offspring from a cross between two heterozygous plants?

3:1 ratio in the F2 generation.

What does a pedigree chart display?

The inheritance of specific traits across generations.

How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

A change in a base pair can cause the wrong protein to be made.

What is meant by the term 'autosomal chromosomes'?

The 22 pairs of chromosomes not including sex chromosomes.

Which chromosomes combine to determine the sex of the offspring?

One X or Y chromosome from the father and one X chromosome from the mother.

How can mutations be classified?

Helpful, harmful, or neutral.

What is the term for two copies of an allele?

Homozygous.

What is the expected percentage of a guinea pig being heterozygous for fur color when crossing two heterozygous guinea pigs?

50%.

What three things are effected when a human has an extra chromosome?

Genetic instruction, genotype, phenotype