Solubility Rules

Group 1A cations and NH₄⁺

Always soluble

Nitrates (NO₃⁻), Chlorates (ClO₃⁻), Acetates (CH₃COO⁻), Perchlorates (ClO₄⁻)

Always soluble

Halides (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻)

Generally soluble (except Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺)

Sulfates (SO₄²⁻)

Mostly soluble (except Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺)

Sulfides (S²⁻)

Insoluble (except Group 1A cations, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺)

Carbonates (CO₃²⁻)

Insoluble (except Group 1A cations and NH₄⁺)

Hydroxides (OH⁻)

Insoluble (except Group 1A cations, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺)

Phosphates (PO₄³⁻)

Insoluble (except Group 1A cations and NH₄⁺)

Using Solubility Rules

Predict precipitates in double replacement reactions and write net ionic equations