Neuron Signals and Synapses

Flashcards for vocabulary terms related to neuron signals and synapses.

Synapses

Specialized junctions between neurons or between neurons and effector cells that transmit signals.

Synaptic Knob

The bulb-like end part of the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron that contains vesicles of neurotransmitters.

Synaptic Cleft

The small space (around 12-20 nm) between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released from the presynaptic membrane into the synaptic cleft to transmit signals.

Neuromuscular Junction

A specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber responsible for transmitting signals for muscle contraction.

Sarcolemma

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber that contains receptors for neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.

Neuroglandular Junction

Synapses between neurons and glandular cells that regulate the secretory activities of glands.

Cholinergic Neurons

Neurons that release acetylcholine (ACh).

Adrenergic Neurons

Neurons that release norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A depolarizing potential in the postsynaptic neuron caused by the influx of Na+ ions, making it more likely to fire an action potential.

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

A hyperpolarizing potential in the postsynaptic neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

The most common neurotransmitter found in our nervous systems.