Early Republic AH&G

Quizlet Style Studying for Early Republic

Federalists 

A political Party of the 1^st Party system, which is made up of elites and landowners who supported a more powerful central authority.

Democratic Republicans 

The party which split off from the original combined Federalist Party with faces such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson believing that the previous federalists were far too extreme and tyrannical.

Jay’s Treaty 

A treaty in which the United States and Great Britain finally established a means to avoid more war via a proclamation of ‘inviolable and universal Peace’ as well as making sure the British removed all their troops from United States’ Territory.

Election of 1796 

Election in which George Washington refused to run for a 3rd term, Jefferson ran for the Republican ticket, and John Adams was chosen to run on the Federalist ticket due to the unpopular views of Hamilton in the electorate.

XYZ Affair 

The event in which Adam’s commission to France was refused and told by three agents to give loans to France and bribe the French Minister of Foreign Affairs.

The Quasi-War

A two-year war lasting from 1798 to1799 in which American vessels and armed French ships engaged in battle on the high seas.

Monroe Doctrine 

A U.S. foreign policy statement declaring that the American continents were no longer open to European colonization and that any attempt by Europe to interfere in the Western Hemisphere would be seen as a hostile act against the United States.

The Panic of 1819 

A major financial crisis caused by collapse in foreign demand of American farm goods with the end of the Napoleonic War, excessive land speculation, and a sudden tight credit policy by the Second Bank of the United States.

The Revolution of 1800 

The U.S. presidential election that resulted in the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties, from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans.

The Judiciary Act of 1801  

A Federalist-passed law in the U.S. Congress that reorganized the federal judiciary, creating new circuit court judgeships and expanding federal jurisdiction, intended to strengthen federal courts against rising Republican power.

The Seminole Wars 

Three conflicts where the U.S. fought the Seminole people in Florida to seize their land for white settlement

Henry Clay 

A senator who played a key role in passing the Compromise of 1850, which postponed a crisis over the status of slavery in the territories. As a War Hawk, he actively encouraged war with Great Britain and supported the policies that provoked the War of 1812.

Worcester v. Georgia 

A landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.

The Alien and Sedition Acts 

A series of acts passed by the majority federalist government to maintain the power and numbers the Federalists gained from the quasi war with France and keep Republicans out of government.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 

 A protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively. They asserted that the federal government's powers were limited by the Constitution, and that states had the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional and therefore "null and void" within their borders.

The American System 

Henry Clay's 19th-century economic plan to unify the country, or the industrial method of manufacturing using interchangeable parts.

The Tallmadge Amendment

A failed 1819 proposal to restrict the expansion of slavery into Missouri as it applied for statehood.

Fletcher v. Peck 

The first Supreme Court decision in which a state law was ruled unconstitutional.

Impressment 

A British naval practice of capturing American sailors and forcing them into British service, claiming they were “deserters.”

The Embargo Acts

A series of laws that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign ports to pressure Britain and France to stop seizing American ships during the Napoleonic Wars.

The War of 1812 

A war between the United States and Britain caused by impressment, trade restrictions, and British support for Native American resistance.

The Louisiana Purchase 

A land purchase that dramatically expanded slavery by opening vast new lands for plantation agriculture, intensifying national debates over its expansion, ultimately fueling sectional tensions that led to the Civil War.

The Hartford Convention 

A meeting of New England federalists who opposed the war of 1812. Due to the backlash of opposing the war and being accused of treason, this meeting marked the end of the Federalist Party.

The Era of Good Feelings

A brief period in United States history where there were a few years of prosperity, lessening of political division, and interest in projects for the national good.

John Quincy Adams

A U.S. President best known for his exceptional diplomatic career, especially drafting the Monroe Doctrine, and his influential post-presidency in the House of Representatives, where he became a leading opponent of slavery.

The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819

An agreement between the United States and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S. and established a boundary between Spanish territory and the Louisiana Purchase.

Cohen v. Virginia 

A landmark case by the Supreme Court of the United States that asserts the Court's power to review state supreme court decisions in criminal law matters if defendants claim that their constitutional rights have been violated.

The Missouri Compromise

 A U.S. federal law that temporarily settled the national debate over slavery's expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while prohibiting slavery in the remaining Louisiana Purchase territories north of the 36°30′ parallel, maintaining the balance of power in Congress

McCulloch V. Maryland 

A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that defined the scope of the U.S. Congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of American state legislatures.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward 

A landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contracts Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations.

Gibbons v. Ogden 

A landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, which is granted to the U.S. Congress by the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, encompasses the power to regulate navigation.

John Marshall 

Chief of Justice during Adams’ presidency known for transforming the Supreme Court into a powerful, co-equal branch of government and establishing Judicial Review.