develoepmnd

authoritative

authoritative

Demanding and responsive, sets rules but bendable and with explanation (perfect)

authortarian

hard rules no matter what, no explanation (too strict)

permissive

literally lets them do anything (way too lenient)

immunity to disease

stress decreases your immunity to diseases

accidents

an unexpected or unintended event, especially one resulting in human injury or death, system damage, or system loss

suicide

death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die

senses

vision, hearing, taste, touch, smell, senses of pressure, pain, temperature, kinesthesis, and equilibrium

exercise and mobility

regular exercise has a profoundly positive impact on depression anxiety and ADHD along with reliving stress, improving memory, sleeping better, and boosting overall mood

death deferral

tendency for people to avoid dying just before or during important holidays, people are more likley to die after birthdays or on the days after christmas

crystalized intelligence

a person's general knowledge, vocabulary, and reasoning based on acquired information

fluid intelligence

the ability to to think abstractly, reason quickly and problem solve independent of any previously acquired knowledge

harry harlow

did experiment on monkeys and saw that monkeys chose the model with comforting touch over the wire mother that fed t hem

konrad lorenz

explored imprinting saw that birds would imprint on stuff other than their species

lev vygotsky

emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with the social environment

erik erikson

best known for this theory on psychological development of humans, coined the idea of basic trust

cross sectional

a type of research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time

longitudinal studies

repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

gender identity

our sense of being male or female

teratogens - examples

viruses, drugs, alcohol, chemicals

teratogens

Agents such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

teratogens - effects

birth defects, future behavior problems, hyperactivity, lower intelligence, possibly fetal alcohol syndrome,

teratogens - critical period

between 3-12 weeks old/embryonic stage

ramifications of sexual abuse

those who are sexually abused, especially ones who kept it to themselves, reported more headaches and stomach ailments than those weren't

autism

disorder that develops during this stage and includes deficiencies in communication and social interaction, along with repetitive motions and fixed interests

marriage and divorce research/trends

divorce is most common among those in 20sand time interval between a woman's menarche (time of first period) and marriage also increased

midlife crisis

not real - trigger is not age but a major event such as illness, divorce, or job loss

empty nest syndrome

the grief that many parents feel when their children move out of home (textbook says parents may feel a honeymoon phase when kids first move out and be happy at first)

egocentrism

can't perceive stuff from other people's view (shows photo to their eyes not their parents)

imprinting

certain animals form strong attachments during critical period (ex: ducks to their moms)

attachment

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

menarche

time of a woman's first mensuration

menopause

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

embryo

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

zygote

fertilized egg that turns into embryo during a 2 week period of rapid cell division

fetus

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

conservation

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects (pour milk in big glass v small class still same amount of milk)

reflex - babinski

when sole of foot is stroked the foot flexes or curls up (both feet shud respond in same way apparently)

reflex - grasp

automatic grasping motion of the hand in babies

reflex - rooting

tendency to open mouth, and search for breast when touched on the cheek in babies

reflex - startle

arms will fling sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed

mary ainsworth - secure attachment

children given a positive working model, carer who is emotionally available, sensitive, and supportive

mary ainsworth - insecure attachment

will either avoid: children think they are unworthy (carer who is rejecting) or resist: children have negative self image and exaggerate for attention (carer who is inconsistent)

stage theories - negatives

ignorance of cultural and individual differences, fixed chronology

stage theories - definition

any hypothetical construct used to describe phases or steps in a process that occurs over time

adolescents - conflict with parents

some conflict with parents can be regarded as a normal part of family relations during adolescence

adolescents - maturation

Puberty, which also happens during adolescence, is the time period of maturation where sexual organs mature

adolescents - puberty

period of sexual maturation, when a person becomes capable of reproduction

adolescents - self esteem

Low self-esteem in teens is not uncommon and can cause problems with peers, in decision-making, and is associated with anxiety and depression.

paiget - sensorimotor

age 0-2, no object permeance, learn from sensory and motor, kind of get physics and math (surprised when stuff doesn't add up, has stranger anxiety

paiget - preoperational

ages 2-6/7, learn language, no sound logic or comprehension of mental operations, autism develops during this stage, egocentric kids, devleoping theory of mind

paiget - concrete

ages 6/7-12, understand conservation, enjoy jokes better, understand mathematical transformations

paiget - formal

12-, think logically and can think about abstract concepts, potential for mature moral reasoning

kholberg

said there was 3 levels for moral thinking: preconventional (before age 9) - self interest, conventional (early adolescence) - uphold laws and rules, postconventional (adolescence and beyond) - act based on basic rights and self defined ethics

gilligan

basically said kholberg was sexist and did her own experiment w girls found they were more concerned with making connections than men

difference between men and women - emotions

women are more likley to express happiness warmth and fear whereas men display more anger pride and contempt

difference between men and women - dysfunction

women are more likley to experience eating disorders anxiety, and depressionwhile men are more likley to be diagnosed with ADHD, develop an alcohol use disorder, colorblindness, and more likley to commit suicide

abusive parents

stunt physical development of the child's brain and lead to psychological problems, such as low self- esteem, which could later lead to high-risk behaviors, such as substance use

assimilation

children make sense of the world by applying what they already know

accommodation

the cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that new information can be incorporated

object permeance

understanding that items and people still exist even when you can't see or hear them

habituation

a psychological learning process wherein there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it

temperament

very stable, persons emotional reactivity and intensity, based on genetics

stranger anxiety

Fear of strangers, begins at 8 months of age