American Heritage Midterm

Human Predicament

choice between anarchy and tyranny

tyranny

rule of will

democracy

rule of many

republic

classical form of gov that was not an absolute monarchy & had a public element to it

aristocracy

rule of a few of the best who serve the rest

monarchy

rule of one

a tyrant...

(1) seeks to control the will of others (2) employs force, violence, terror (3) can be bright, charming, and handsome

Saddam Hussein was reading out loud...

name of traitors who were to be killed or tortured

the American Founders were as a group well studied in Classical Republicanism ideas

true

constitutional democratic republic

the type of gov the Framers of the U.S Constitution provided the nation

virtue

"the selfless pursuit of excellence"

anarchy

rule of chaos & lack of gov

republic is considered...

the best form of gov

Magna Carta

(1) established the principle that law binds kings (2) strengthened the rights of women (3) strengthened the rights of the church (4) strengthened the rights and power of Barons

Edward Coke

English jurist who stood up to James 1 and helped secure judicial independence in England

Charles 1

Stuart king dethroned and executed, ruled w/o Parliament for 11 years

Charles 2

restored monarchy & was succeeded by younger brother

classical liberalism emphasized

freedom from gov, individual rights, property rights, commercial freedom

liberalism's civic manner was generally to obey laws and treat each other in a civil manner

true

the Glorious Revolution established...

English Bill of Rights, Parliamentary Supremacy, constitutionally limited monarchy

Two Treatises of Government (written by John Locke)

(1) in the state of nature all were kings but threats existed (2) civil societies are established by social contract (3) gov are limited to protect natural rights of life, liberty, and property

the Whig party opposed the ascension of James 2 to throne

true

enumerated powers also means...

unlimited powers

James 1

promoted DRK

Oliver Cromwell

general in Parliament's army, protectorate of commonwealth, republican gov with Puritan strictness

James 2

openly Catholic king with poor political skills, opposed by Whig party

commonwealthmen

landed gentleman with lots of sources

Locke's main points

(1) state of nature (2) social contract (3) limited gov- gov exists to protect natural rights (4) gov legitimacy (5) can remove illegitimate gov

rule of law

philosophy that gov must act in accordance with law AND may not act with private lives of citizens EXCEPT in enforcement of known, predictable, and general principles of law

Christopher Columbus landed...

San Salvador (Bahamas)

Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in 1529 in what will become Plymouth, Massachusetts

false

Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement in Roanoke Island on the outer banks of modern North Carolina But unfortunately, the colony failed.

true

Willamsburg, VA

2nd capital of Virginia and the one that George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, etc. were most familiar with prior to 1776

country courts of colonial Virginia...

(1) were controlled by the country gentry (2) acted as local govs and remedied most legal disputes (3) tried cases in law and equity (4) adjudicated moral infractions, such as adultery

tobacco

cash crop that turned around Virginia's troubled economy

The House of Burgesses

1st populary elected representative assembly in North America

Virginia was referred to as Old Dominion because of its loyalty too...

Charles 2

Powhatan

confederacy was comprised of 30 Native American tribes

Pochahantas

the American Indian who is said to have saved John Smith and married John Rolfe

John Rolfe

tobacco cultivator who married Pocahontas

Christopher Columbus

voyage to East Asia was sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Martin Luther

a German monk who posted a 95 point thesis on Catholic practices that varied from the teachings of the Bible

John Calvin

French lawyer. the Puritans embraced his doctrine on predestination

"For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill..."

John Winthrop

why should we study our Puritan roots?

"People always bear the marks of their origins" Alexis De Toqueville"

covenants

basic constitutional documents on that include royal and divine authority, an oath or pledge between a body politic and God, and often signatures

accoridng to Puritan beleifs, secular work is unimportant and shouldnt be a priority in the lives of the elect

false

associated with Puritans:

predestination, the Christian calling, church purification, godly community

Henry VII

English monarch who made himself the head of both the state and church in England b/c he wanted to divorce his wife and obtain a male heir

circular shower

the project discussed in class that one a contest on innovation

Plymouth County

founded by covenant by Pilgrims in 1620

Writs of Assistance

an overly broad and unconstitutional search warrant used by British officers to enforce the Navigation Acts

results of the French and Indian War

Great Britain was millions in debt, French gov's control of eastern Canada ended, Spain became a distant threat

Which Act stated that Parliament could bind the colonists, "In all cases whatsoever"?

declatory act

George Washington supported the Stamp Act as a reasonable use of Parliament's taxing power

false

mercantilism

economic system where subservient colonies provide raw materials to a mother country and acts as a market for the finished goods

the First Continental Congress was called in 1774 in response to what?

coercive/intolerable acts

Navigation Acts

enacted to curb smuggling but actually violated privacy

Quartering Act

involved unconstitutional housing of troops during peace time

Patrick Henry

"give me liberty or give me death"

new state gov strengths

written constitutions, made & adopted by state legislatures

new state gov weaknesses

lacked judiciary & strong executive, legislate too powerful

confederation

loose political association of independent sovereign states

what did the nationalists want?

a new government to secure national security and domestic order, stablalize trade and commerce, promote new aristocracy of talent and virtue

great experiment

whether the people can govern themselves

Founders (size)

bigger

Framers (size)

smaller

who did not attend the Federal Convention?

Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams

Who described the delegates at the federal convention as "an assembly of demigods"?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the eldest framer, known for being a diplomat, compromiser, and peacemaker?

Benjamin Franklin

prominent drafter of the Virginia Plan

James Madison

proposed New Jersey Plan

William Paterson

governor from Virginia who proposed Virginia Plan

Edmund Randolph

elected president of the Federal Convention

George Washington

advocated for a US Bill of Rights at Federal Convention, 'no Bill of Rights, no vote'

George Mason

pushed for popular election of president, settled for electoral college

James Wilson

prominent drafter from south- future court justice

John Rutledge

what gets us through the American Revolution?

the Declaration of Independence

purposes of declaration besides independence:

state basic political ideals, justify rebellion, call for legitimacy, express American mindset

who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

assemblies had power...

in colonies

Parliament had power...

in England

murder was to be tried in England under

Coercive Acts

Quebec Act

enlarged Province of Quebec

Boston Port Act

closed and blockaded harbor until tea is paid and king is satisfied they would follow laws, COERCIVE ACT

Massachusetts Government Act

restricted town hall meetings, revoked MA colonial charter (martial law), COERCIVE ACT

Impartial Administration of Justice Act

allowed trials of British officials from Massachusetts to be held in other colonies or in Great Britain, no jury of peers, COERCIVE ACT

Stamp Act

broad taxation on legal docs, dice, playing cards...everyday use items

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

claimed American colonists were equal to British citizens, protested taxation w/o representation

who was James Otis

Massachusetts lawyer who prosecuted smugglers BUT quit and argued for defendants

Otis argued (quotes)

"a man's house is his castle" "bare suspicion without oath is sufficient"

what was decided on the Writs of Assistance?

they are not unconstitutional

Boston Tea Party

sons of liberty dressed up as Native Americans and dumped 300 crates of tea in harbor

Treaty of Paris 1783

continental congress gains full legitimacy after war

The American Crisis

pamphlets written by Thomas Paine which supported the Americans to fight for independence...encouraged the Americans to revolt

why were some loyal to King George?

british tradition, DRK doctrine, positive law obligations

French and Indian War

war fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area...English won

whigs

England's 1st political party, opposed King

tories

political party attached to English royal court, corrupt

Glorious Revolution

the overthrow of King James II of England