Early Republic Conceptual Framework

These flashcards cover key concepts and events from the Early Republic period (1780-1830), focusing on the interpretations of the Constitution, significant policies, and important political developments.

Loose Construction

Interpretation of the Constitution that allows for flexibility and adaptability in governance, often associated with the Elastic Clause.

Strict Construction

Interpretation of the Constitution that emphasizes a literal understanding and limits interpretation to what is explicitly stated.

Elastic Clause

Also known as the Necessary and Proper Clause, allows Congress to pass laws it deems necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers.

10th Amendment

Part of the Bill of Rights stating that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states.

Washington's Farewell Address

A speech in which George Washington warned against political parties, regional divisions, and foreign alliances.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of farmers protesting the whiskey tax, which tested the federal government's ability to enforce law.

X,Y,Z Affair

A diplomatic incident in 1797 where French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to a quasi-war.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 aimed at suppressing opposition to the Federalist party by restricting speech and limiting immigration.

Compact Theory of Government

A political theory that emphasizes a contract or compact between government and states, suggesting states can nullify federal laws.

Judicial Packing

The attempt to alter the composition of the Supreme Court by appointing judges sympathetic to a specific political agenda.

Washington’s Inaugural Address

The speech delivered by George Washington on April 30, 1789, where he outlined his vision for the new nation, emphasizing unity, neutrality in foreign affairs, and the importance of the Constitution.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

A comprehensive set of proposals by Alexander Hamilton aimed at stabilizing and improving the financial system of the United States, which included the federal assumption of state debts, the establishment of a national bank, and the promotion of tariffs and taxes.

debt assumption

The process by which the federal government takes over the debts incurred by the states during the Revolutionary War, as part of Hamilton's Financial Plan to stabilize the nation's economy.

Failure of Articles of Confederation

The inability of the Articles of Confederation to effectively govern the new nation, leading to issues such as economic instability, lack of federal authority, and ultimately the call for a stronger central government as established by the Constitution.

redemption

A strategy to pay off the national debt by repaying original bondholders, ensuring public confidence in the U.S. financial system. Ties wealthy class to US economy’s stability.

Redemption Controversy

The debate surrounding the fairness and implications of repaying the original bondholders during Hamilton's financial reforms, regarding the allowance of wealthy congressman to purchased bonds at a discount at the disadvantage of poor veterans.

Whiskey Tax

A federal excise tax imposed on whiskey, during Hamilton's FP to raise revenue for the government. This tax was a catalyst for the Whiskey Rebellion.

French Revolution

The period of political upheaval in France that began in 1789, influencing American politics and contributing to debates over foreign policy during the Early Republic.

Citizen Genet Affair

A diplomatic incident involving French envoy Edmond-Charles Genêt in 1793, which challenged U.S. neutrality and sparked controversy over foreign influence in American politics.

Jay’s Treaty

A 1794 agreement between the United States and Great Britain that resolved ongoing disputes from the Revolutionary War and aimed to prevent war.