animal and plant cell

animal cell

plant cell

nucleus

10-12 micrometers

contains genetic material, dna

controls cell activity by making molecules for protein synthesis

makes ribosomes and rna

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

nuclear envelope

controls the exits and entry of molecules

chromosome

long, linear strands of dna

nuclear pore

allows large molecules to pass out e.g mrna

mitochondria

1-10 micrometers

site of aerobic respiration , atp

inner membrane

folded to increase surface area

matrix

contains enzymes for the reactions and dna

rough endoplasmic reticulum

system of membranes connected to the nucleus with ribosomes on the outer surface

synthesise, modify and transport protiens

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

system of membranes

synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

golgi apparatus

membranes forming a series of flattened sacs with vesicles

modifies and transports proteins, secretes enzymes and produces lysosomes

lysosomes

small vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes

phagocytosis, recycles damaged organelles

ribsosomes

2 subunits made of protein and rna

performs protein synthesis (translation)

centrioles

helps pull apart the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

chloroplasts

double membrane organelle with stacks of thylakoids containing chlorophyll and a fluid filled stomata

site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose)

granum

stack of thykaloid

thylakoid lumen

contains chlorophyll, absorbing the light for photosynthesis

vacuole

a large membrane bound sac filled with cell sap

maintains turgor pressure, stores water, ions, pigments and other substances

cell wall

a rigid layer outside the cell membrane, composed of cellulose, chitin or polysaccharides

provides structural support, protection and helps maintain cell shape

plants: cellulose fungi: chitin