Micro and Macroevolution

Evolution

change in allele frequencies overtime

Mircoevolution

evolution that happens at the population level. Common level, artificial evolution, natural selection.

Artificial selection

human’s decade which individuals will breed. Directed evolution will preconceive goal. Does not result in trait that benefits organisms

Examples of artifical selection

production of domesticated plants, animals, fungi, bacteria. The return of extinct animals. Accidental artificial selection. Antibiotic/ pesticide resistance.

Natural Selection

change in genotype frequencies in a population via differential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain phenotypes.

Natural selection is driven by

biotic and abiotic factors

Macroevolution

evolution at higher levels of organization

Phylogenetic trees

hypothesis of evolutionary history of an organism. Fossil, traits of extinct species, molecular data.

Speciation

divergence from common ancestors leading to a new species.

Allopatric

evolution of new species through the process of geographic isolation.

Sympatric

evolution of new species without geographic isolation.

Polyploidy

species that contain three or more sets of chromosomes.