DNA replication

What is the structure of DNA?

Double Helix

What is the building block of DNA?

Nucleotides

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to adenine?

Uracil & Thymine

When in the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?

Synthesis phase in Interphase

How many replication forks are in the replication bubble?

2

What is responsible for adding support or stabilizing the newly opened DNA?

Single strand binding protein

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Guanine?

Cytosine

What molecule is responsible for "un-zipping" DNA?

Helicase

What type of macromolecule is Helicase?

Protein

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the separate strands of DNA?

DNA Polymerase

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Cytosine?

Guanine

What enzyme puts down the RNA primer so DNA Polymerase can "print" on the 5' side of DNA?

Primase

What are the sections of DNA(in-between the RNA primers) that are synthesized on the 5' side called?

Okazaki Fragments

What enzyme is responsible for putting the Okazaki fragments together?

Ligase

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Thymine?

Adenine

The result of DNA Replication is half parent, half newly synthesized. For this reason, DNA Replication is considered____?

Semi-Conservative

The components of DNA are similar for all living organisms?

True

Prokaryotes have multiple sites of origin.

False

When a single base is changed this is called a ____?

Point Mutation

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

3

Several different codons code for the same amino acid.

True

An Insertion Mutation causes a frame-shift.

True

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing the temple to a ribosome for protein synthesis?

tRNA

This is the process of building Protein.

Translation

This is the process of mRNA copying DNA to make a template.

Transcription

What is the function of DNA?

Storage of genetic information

What are the building blocks of DNA?

DNA is Nucleic Acid(RNA), so building blocks are Nucleotides

When does DNA Replicate?

S- phase of Interphase

Occurs before the cell divides so each of the two cell made will have a complete copy of the genetic info

DNA synthesis

Where does DNA replicate?

Eukaryotic: Nucleus

Prokaryotes: cytoplasm

What is Polymerase?

it compliments the DNA during replication. it adds nucleotides to the copying strand of DNA

What is Helicase?

it is the enzyme responsible for opening or unzipping the double strand of DNA

What is Primase?

It puts down the RNA Primers that allow DNA Polymerase to compliment the lagging strand(5' side)

What is Ligase?

It re-combines the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of DNA.

What is the result of DNA Replication?

Two daugther DNA strand

What is a codon?

It is part of an RNA temple

if there are 15 nucleotides in a gene. how many amino acids will be produced?

5

What is unique about RNA?

it is a single strand and doesn't have thymine(replaced by uracil)

How many RNA molecules are there?

mRNA(messenger RNA, transcription)

How are proteins made?

DNA is copied by mRNA. that template is transferred to a ribosome so a protein can be built.

The genetic code is universal, although no organism has identical DNA, each organism uses the same components:

ATGC

What is the point of origin?

It is the site of DNA Replication

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Cell protection, selective permeability( letting things in and out of cell)

What is the purpose of enzymes?

Speed up reactions and lower activation energy

How many chromatids in a chromosome?

2

What is the structure of DNA?

Double Helix

What is the building block of DNA?

Nucleotides

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to adenine?

Uracil & Thymine

When in the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?

Synthesis phase in Interphase

How many replication forks are in the replication bubble?

2

What is responsible for adding support or stabilizing the newly opened DNA?

Single strand binding protein

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Guanine?

Cytosine

What molecule is responsible for "un-zipping" DNA?

Helicase

What type of macromolecule is Helicase?

Protein

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the separate strands of DNA?

DNA Polymerase

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Cytosine?

Guanine

What enzyme puts down the RNA primer so DNA Polymerase can "print" on the 5' side of DNA?

Primase

What are the sections of DNA(in-between the RNA primers) that are synthesized on the 5' side called?

Okazaki Fragments

What enzyme is responsible for putting the Okazaki fragments together?

Ligase

What is the compliment nitrogenous base to Thymine?

Adenine

The result of DNA Replication is half parent

half newly synthesized. For this reason

The components of DNA are similar for all living organisms?

True

Prokaryotes have multiple sites of origin.

False

When a single base is changed this is called a ____?

Point Mutation

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

3

Several different codons code for the same amino acid.

True

An Insertion Mutation causes a frame-shift.

True

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing the temple to a ribosome for protein synthesis?

tRNA

This is the process of building Protein.

Translation

This is the process of mRNA copying DNA to make a template.

Transcription

What is the function of DNA?

Storage of genetic information

What are the building blocks of DNA?

DNA is Nucleic Acid(RNA)

When does DNA Replicate?

S- phase of Interphase

Occurs before the cell divides so each of the two cell made will have a complete copy of the genetic info

DNA synthesis

Where does DNA replicate?

Eukaryotic: Nucleus

Prokaryotes: cytoplasm

Wherever DNA is located in an organism

Nucleus

What is Polymerase?

it compliments the DNA during replication. it adds nucleotides to the copying strand of DNA

It helps synthesize the mRNA during transcription

DNA polymerase

What is Helicase?

it is the enzyme responsible for opening or unzipping the double strand of DNA

What is Primase?

It puts down the RNA Primers that allow DNA Polymerase to compliment the lagging strand(5' side)

What is Ligase?

It re-combines the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of DNA.

What are the correct DNA compliments ?

A-T, G-C

RNA compliments?

A-U, GC

What is the result of DNA Replication?

Two daugther DNA strand

1 parent double strand of DNA turns into 2 daughter double strands of DNA.

They should be identical

What is a codon?

It is part of an RNA temple

it is made of 3 nitrogenous bases

nucleotides

it is responsible for making proteins

ribosomes

if there are 15 nucleotides in a gene. how many amino acids will be produced?

5

What is unique about RNA?

it is a single strand and doesn't have thymine(replaced by uracil)

How many RNA molecules are there?

mRNA(messenger RNA transcription)

tRNA

(transfer RNA bringing amino acid to ribosomes)

rRNA(

ribosomal RNA made up of what a ribosome is)

How are proteins made?

DNA is copied by mRNA. that template is transferred to a ribosome so a protein can be built.

Prokaryotes

Co-translation: transcription is being performed at the same time as translation(protein synthesized)

Eukaryotes

Transcription --> translocation (the movement at the newly synthesized mRNA to a ribosome)- >> translation

The genetic code is universal

although no organism has identical DNA

What is the point of origin?

It is the site of DNA Replication

At this site there is a Replication Bubble that is formed

Origin of Replication

The Replication Bubble has TWO(2) Replication forks

True