AP7 Q2 DEPED

Prehistoric Era

The period of time before recorded history or the beginning of human creation.

Fossils

Hardened remains of plants, animals, and humans.

Artifacts

Tools used by humans.

Biological Evolution

The process of change in living organisms over time.

Out of Africa Theory

The theory that all modern humans originated from Africa.

Civilization

A social organization with a complex and high standard of living.

River valleys

The fertile land in river valleys that allowed the first civilizations to develop.

Mesopotamia

The first civilization in the world, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Ziggurat

The temple and largest building of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia.

Cuneiform

The ancient Sumerian writing system.

Hammurabi's Code

One of the earliest written laws in history.

Indus Civilization

The civilization that developed along the Indus and Ganges rivers.

Mohenjo Daro and Harappa

The two most important cities in the Indus Civilization.

Dravidian

The indigenous people who lived in India.

Aryans

A warrior group that originated in central Asia and brought their language to India.

Vedas

Four religious books of the ancient Aryans.

Caste System

The system of social grouping in India.

Maurya Empire, Gupta Empire, Mogul Empire

Indian empires that existed throughout history.

Dynasty

A succession of rulers from the same family.

Mandate of Heaven

The belief that rulers are appointed by heaven to rule.

Xia

A prehistoric culture in China.

Shang

The first civilization in China that used bronze and practiced ancestral worship.

Zhou

The dynasty that believed in the Mandate of Heaven and invented various weapons and tools.

Qin

The dynasty that unified China and built the Great Wall.

Han

The dynasty that embraced Confucianism and made significant contributions to Chinese history.

Sui

The dynasty that repaired the Great Wall and built the Grand Canal.

Tang

The dynasty known for its cultural and technological advancements.

Song

The dynasty that established an imperial army and developed agricultural technology.

Yuan

The dynasty founded by Kublai Khan and marked by Mongol rule.

Ming

The dynasty that built the Forbidden City and explored the Indian Ocean and Africa.

Qing

The dynasty established by the Manchu and faced conflicts with foreign powers.