Cell metabolism

pre and post

refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Metabolism

It can be divided into (blank), which is the synthesis of large molecules from smaller molecules

anabolism

(blank), the breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules.

catabolism

Which of the following is NOT involved in chemical reactions?

calcium

Cells obtain much of their energy from the

oxidation of glucose

The body is able to draw upon the storage of these molecules as alternatives sources of energy when glucose is scarce. 

fats, proteins

Conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs under (blank) conditions.

anaerobic

In contrast the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide occurs under (blank). 

aerobic 

A reaction type that takes polymers and breaks them down into smaller pieces such as monomers

catabolic

A reaction type where energy is required to building polymers from monomers

anabolic

A series of chemical reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the reactant in the next set of reactions

metabolic pathway

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell at a given time

metabolism

The chemical addition of a Phosphate group to a reactant

phosphorylation

The loss of electrons and the resulting reducing in energy

oxidation

The gaining of electron(s) which also means the gaining of energy

reduction

The taking away or loss of a phosphate group from a reactant

dephosphorylation

The energy associated with motion or movement

kinetic

The type of energy associated with the energy of position (such as of chemical bonds)

potential

When there is no net direction for a chemical reaction

equilibrium

A reaction will always favor the direction where energy is released (a net negative delta G value). The result includes that a reaction will go forward if there is an increase in reactants vs. products

law of mass action

Breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and 3 fatty acids and then breaking down each fatty acid

lipolysis

Building proteins

proteogenesis 

Building lipids (including triglycerides)

lipogenesis 

A very dirty process if used for energy. It invovles the production of the toxic by-product NH3 (ammonia)

proteolysis

A large, branched polymer of alpha glucose

glycogen

When the body needs to raise blood sugar it can take a large branched carbohydrate (stored in the liver and skeletal muscles) into simple sugars

glycogenolysis

During the absorptive phase, your body will take excess glucose and building it into a large branched polymer to save for fuel later

glycogenesis

When the liver takes non-glucose sources and creates glucose from them

gluconeogenesis