Chapter 19 Acid Deposition

asbestos

pipe insulation, vinyl floor tiles, and ceiling tiles

radon gas

soil and bedrock surrounding foundation of home

ultrafine particles

dust; chemicals from new paint, new carpeting, new drapery, and new flooring

biological pollutants

pollen, pet dander, dust mites, mold, and mildew

formaldehyde

furniture stuffing, upholstery, and wood paneling

temperature or thermal inversions

a layer of warm air sitting on top of a layer of cool air near the ground trap pollutants (reverse of typical conditions where temp drops as alt. increases)

a city has been experiencing rain with a pH 5.5, given this information, which is the likely source of energy used in this city

coal power plants

which of these is NOT an effect of acid deposition

decrease in soil salinization

in the USA, the highest incidence of acid deposition is in the

ohio valley

acid shock damages aquatic life aquatic life is the reaction to the sudden runoff of acid water with dissolved _______ ions

aluminum

which indoor pollutant is NOT associated with lung cancer

formaldehyde

according to the us clean air act, which level of standard is responsible for protecting the environment and physical property

secondary

sick building syndrome has many symptoms. which is NOT one of these symptoms

diarrhea

second-hand smoke from cigarettes can result in

lung cancer

what season does acid shock occur

spring

tobacco or cigarette smoke results in a variety of health effects. which health effect is not associated with tobacco smoke

stomach cancer

according to the us clean air act, which level of standard is responsible for protecting human beings

primary

the removal of asbestos should be done by

trained professionals who are trained to safely remove asbestos fibers, without contaminating the air inside the building

what are the primary pollutants that are put directly into atmosphere

CO, NO2, SO2, pollen

what are the secondary pollutants that are formed by a pollutant mixing with water vapor or another primary

ozone, acid rain, SO3, PANS, HNO3

what are the six criteria pollutants that are deemed most harmful to human health

sulfur dioxide (SO2), PM, lead, ozone, NO2, CO

what are the health effects of lead

anemia, lowered IQ, and cardiovascular diseas

what are the air pollutants that coal combustion releases

carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, toxic metals, particulates, and soot

what are the major sources of air pollution

Burning fossil fuels (vehicles, power plants), industrial processes, agriculture (livestock emissions), and natural sources (volcanic eruptions, wildfires)

Which of the following is a common component of photochemical smog and is reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor?

NO2 and includes cars and coal plants

what are the inputs photochemical smog

sunlight, NOx, and VOCs

what are the outputs of photochemical smog

O3, NO, nitric acid

what factors decrease smog

rain, snow, sea spray, and winds

what factors increase smog

urban buildings, mountains, hills, and high temperatures

Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest?

decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather

grasshopper effect

transfers volatile air pollutants from equator to the earth’s poles (global distillation/leapfrog effect)

what factors increase therm. inversion

valleys, nearby mountain ranges, coastal or prevailing winds, large cities, high industrialization, many vehicles (traffic)

acid deposition

process where acidic compounds and heavy metals, are deposited from the atmosphere onto the Earth’s surface, nutrient leaching

when does the fish pops. decline

< pH 6

when do fish die

pH 4.5

what is the solution to acid deposition

add limestone, CaCO3