BL1004- stomata

What are stomata?

Microscopic pores on plant leaves and some stems, surrounded by specialized guard cells, crucial for gas exchange and water regulation.

Where are stomata located?

On the upper and/or lower leaf surfaces of plants.

How do guard cells function in relation to stomata?

Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing through changes in turgor pressure.

What influences the turgor pressure of guard cells?

Potassium ion (K+) pumps, abscisic acid hormone, and environmental cues.

What environmental factors affect stomatal opening?

Light, CO2 concentration, water availability, temperature and humidity.

How do C3 plants carry out carbon fixation?

They fix carbon directly via Rubisco in cool, wet environments.

What are the adaptations of C4 plants?

They spatially separate carbon fixation, adapted to hot, dry environments.

What is a characteristic adaptation of CAM plants?

They temporally separate carbon fixation, suited for very dry/arid environments.

What is the procedure for counting stomata using nail polish impressions?

Apply nail polish to a section of leaf, allow it to dry, use tape to create an impression, and view under a microscope.

What is the goal of counting stomata in different leaf types?

To calculate the average stomatal density for each leaf type.