FNR 230 Exam 2

It is predicted that by 2050 the most populated country will be

China

>India

USA

China's human population has increased about 2.5 times over the past 50 years. The human population in China's forested areas has increased by:

Fivefold

When comparing forest and other vegetation maps of China and the USA, the distribution of forests in the eastern US is similar to that in eastern China

True

What method has the Chinese government used (shown in the presentation) to prevent illegal logging?

barbed-wire fences

Because of forest protection programs implemented by Chinese government, the volume of timber harvested from natural forests in China declined. China is currently world's number one in annual afforestation.

True

Which statement is not correct about European forestry?

European forest is going through deforestation in the last 20 years

Eastern Europe is closer to a green forest industry. Forests are utilized sustainably and economically.

False

Compare to Europe, in North America private forest owners have much more freedom over how to manage their forests

True

Reforestation methods for for clearcutting in Boreal Forest is in this order: planting, commercial thinning when the trees are large enough for utilization, pre-commercial thinning of immature boreal forest stands; fertilization and aerial spraying against insect pests

False

Clearcutting is usually restricted. "Plenterwald" (selection forestry) system is utilized in publicly owned forests. Forests are intensively thinned. This is true for:

Boreal forests in Nordic countries

>Temperate forests in Central Europe

Where are tropical forests located?

a. Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

b. Around Equator

c. Northern hemisphere only

d. Southern hemisphere only

>e. A and B

Tropical forests have ?% of the world's biodiversity

50%

What benefit do buttresses provide to trees?

stabilize trees and hold them upright in shallow and wet soils

Which of the following is the correct definition of agroforestry

land-use systems and practices where woody perennials are deliberately integrated with crops and/or animals on the same land management unit

What type of agroforestry system is a walnut tree farm with a corn crop planted between rows of trees

Taungya

What type of agroforestry system is shade grown coffee

Multistrata System

Identify which of the following is not an agroforestry system

Increased yield

Why should we pay for environmental services

a. mitigate floods, droughts

b. reduce erosive forces of winds and rains

c. reduce silting of dams and irrigation canals

d. pollination and biological control in agriculture

>e. all of the above

Which environmental service listed below will provide global benefit

carbon sequestration and storage

Epiphytes and Lianas are:

a. Saprophytic plans - killing the host plans

>b. Saprophytic plans - living in a symbiotic relationship with the host

What is the rotation for genetically improved cottonwood trees, which are intensively grown in Oregon for sawlogs, as discussed by Professor Meilan?

10-12 years

In which of the following propagation methods do trees regenerate or sprout from the cut stump, and the rotation is comparatively short?

Coppice

Tree pruning results in the production of lower value lumber

False

Currently we are anticipating, but not yet using woody biomass for:

Liquid fuel (Ethanol, Diesal)

Teosinte - is considered to be:

Ancestor of modern corn

Plantation thinnings are trees cut from a plantation stand to increase the stand's rate of growth. These cut trees are of:

low quality juvenile wood

Large quantities of potentially useful but mostly unused wood materials are available for conversion into value-added wood products. Haviarova presented a school furniture construction system. The most important aspect of her project was based on:

Strength design and strong joinery design

A traditionally used joint called the (square) mortise and tenon joint is difficult to produce because it requires:

A very precise fit and long machine setup to produce it

Direct product evaluation of strength and durability is effectively done by:

Performance testing

Mark the incorrect statement. Round Mortise and tenon joints are better suited for production in the conditions of developing countries because:

They are harder to produce than square mortise and tenon joints

Benefits of sun grown coffee is to support

Greatest yields

Which coffee system promotes more pollination by native species and more pest predation

Shade grown coffee

Costa Rica is one of the leading nations in protection of natural resources. The national park system of Costa Rica (as a percentage of land set aside) is larger than that of the US

True

Which environmental service listed below is not provided by the forest

Producing significant amount of CO2

Which similarity between Columbia and Guatemala was not mentioned as a reason to organize a South-South Exchange program

Agricultural practices

Which is the most common conflict needing resolution in rural communities in developing world

Resolving conflicts regarding property lines

Which accomplishment was not mentioned by Gary Burniske as a result of Columbia and Guatemala exchange program?

Decrease of illegal logging in both countries

Mary Schott mentioned in her presentation that ?% os Tanzanians rely on fuelwood for cooking and boiling water

90%

Which issue about Tanzania was not elaborated by Mary?

Agricultural yield improvement

The project consisted of five parts. Which one was not part of her plan?

Implementation of efficient stoves

Wood is the only natural resource that is:

Renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable

Which of the following represents a primary wood industry

Lumber mill

Over the years efficiency of wood utilization

Increasing (residues decreasing)

Which of the following percentages best estimates the amount of engineered wood products or composite wood material used in residential construction today

75%

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) is mimicking:

Plywood

An assembly composed of small pulp like wood particles embedded in a resin (glue) matrix. It is fairly hard, dense, and moderately

MDF

A major certification agency FSC stands for:

Forest Stewardship Committee

Forest Stewardship Certification

>Forest Stewardship Council

Forest Society Council

The increased worth of a resource or commodity resulting from its modification or use in a manufacturing process is called

Value adding

Which statement is not correct with respect to the current US forest products industry

Cheap labor cost in US is major competitive advantage

FSC and FAS are certification systems certifying that:

Wood comes from forests that can document sustainable forestry techniques

How much carbon does wood contain?

50%

New trend is to build multi-stories wood buildings (such as 5 stories tall wooden building) in order to store more carbon and to contribute to sustainability by avoiding emission needed to produce nonrenewable materials such as steel and concrete.

True

In typical sawlog and lumber processing 1/3 of tree is left in the woods; 1/3 of log is converted to chips, sawdust, bark; 1/3 of kiln dried lumber is chips and sawdust.

False

What substance is dissolved and removed from wood in the chemical pulping process?

Lignin

The correct sequence of steps in the pulp and paper making process is: logs are crushed into chips; chips are washed and smashed into a pulp; the wet pulp is spread out flat on a wire screen; pulp is dried and pressed into a paper; pulp is washed and chemically treated; the paper is smoothed by calendars; the paper is rolled and then cut into different sizes.

False

How many times can fibers from paper be recycled?

5-7 times

Pulp and paper production consists of several major steps. Which steps are considered the dominant sources of water pollution?

Bleaching and pulping

Americans consume around _?_ Kg (Lb) of paper based products each year.

300 Kg (660 Lb)

Decreased reproduction in fish, a decreased survival rate of fish are caused by the:

High content of paper mill effluents in water

Number of paper mills in the U.S. is growing in the last ten years due to a higher paper consumption.

False

Despite of all efforts put into Tree Sustainability achievement, humankind is failing to achieve it. What is NOT one of the reasons for this failure?

Availability of resources to study and understand sustainability issues

Product and Service Systems contribute to "Resource Depletion Rate" through all of the following except:

Carbon storage

Poor households in developing countries spend higher portions of their income on water. Average water consumption of a US family of 4 (excluding food) is:

400 gallons of water per day

Based on CO2 emissions, wood and wood products are superior to other traditional building materials and are in general sustainable material.

True

LCA stands for:

Life Cycle Analysis

LCA is an internationally accepted tool for assessing the environmental impacts associated with a product, process or service throughout its life cycle (cradle to grave) in the sequence from:

Growing & harvesting material; processing; transportation; use and maintenance; reuse, recycling and disposal

The complete, permanent removal of trees and forest cover from the land is:

deforestation

Which one is NOT evidence that climate is changing:

Summer seasons are longer

As a result of climate changes, species and ecosystems ARE NOT experiencing changes in:

Genetics

Achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered is called:

Carbon neutral