General knowledge

In bright light: ‘CCRRPC’ (dim light the opposite but dilates for pupil)

Circular muscle Contract

Radial muscle Relax

Pupil Constrict

Look Far

Long thin flat lens/less convex

Ciliary muscle relaxed

Suspensory ligaments tight

Light refract less strongly

Look near

Short fat lens/more convex

Ciliary muscle contract

Suspensory ligaments loosen

Light refract more strongly

Myopia (short sightedness)

Long eyeball / lens too curved

Meet before retina

Need concave lenses (refract light more strongly)

Hyperopia (long sightedness)

Short eyeball / lens too flat

Meet behind retina

Need convex lenses (refract light more strongly)

Auxin

Rooting powder, stimulates growth, weed killers

Gibberellin

Promote flowering, increase size of fruits

Ethene

Ripen the fruits quickly

Where is urea made from?

Kidney

What’s the process of kidney removing urea?

Deamination

What is deamination?

Excess amino groups are removed from an excess amino acid, producing ammonia which is toxic. It’s immediately converted to urea which is less harmful

What’s the hormone to control the reabsorption of water in kidney?

ADH

How can ADH affect the amount of water absorbed?

ADH makes the tubules more permeable so more water absorbed

Who came up with the fountain of life theory?

Lamarck

Who came up with the pea experiment (cross bred of green and yellow pea)?

Gregor Mendel

Who came up with the natural selection theory?

Charles Darwin

Who came up with the theory of speciation?

Alfred Wallace

Don’t Kill Pigs Cuz Of Fat, Genuinely Stop

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum,

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

What does the binomial name consist of?

Genus + Species

What’s the binomial name for human? (Genus+Species)

Homo Sapiens

Who came up with the system of naming species (binomial name)?

Carl Linnaeus

3 Domains

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

6 kingdoms

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Animals, plants, fungi, Protista

Why are A and B the most relative in the evolution tree?

A and B share the most recent common ancestor

What is bioaccumulation?

Toxins build up in food chain

Formation of acid rain [4]

1. Fossil fuels are burnt and sulfur dioxide released into the air

2. Nitrogen oxides are also released from car exhausts

3. These gases dissolved in rainwater and react with oxygen

4. The products are nitric acid and sulfuric acid which formed acid rain

Why are peat bogs burnt? (Non-renewable)

• stores large volumes of carbon

• Decomposition is slow in acidic environment

• Rich in biodiversity

How is the biotechnology - mycoprotein processed?

• Fungus Fusarium grows quickly using cheap glucose syrup

• Fungal biomass is harvested, dried and used to produce mycoprotein

• It can double its mass every 5 hours in optimum conditions

Why are battery farms are designed?

Limit movement so reduce muscle usage (less respiration)

Control temperature so less respiration needed to maintain body temperature