ENGLISH 9GT: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Static Character

A character that does not change throughout the story.

Dynamic Character

A character that changes throughout the story

Character Foil

Contrasts with another character to highlight their qualities

Direct Characterization

Writer makes direct statements about the character’s personality

Indirect characterization

Writer required readers to draw their own conclusions about a character based on evidence from the story

Internal conflict

Struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single person

External conflict

Struggle against some outside force

First person POV

Narrator is one of the characters in the story and tells the events in his or her own words

Third person limited POV

Narrator tells the story through the eyes of only one character

Third person omniscient POV

Narrator looks and tells the story through the eyes of all the characters and is all knowing

Imagery

Language that appeals to the senses.

Tone

Author’s attitude towards their subject in their text

Mood

Story’s atmosphere or the feeling it evokes

Symbolism

Use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

Juxtaposition

Putting things that are not similar to each other for contrast

Situational Irony

Character/audience expects one thing to happen when another occurs

Dramatic Irony

Audience/reader knows something that the character does not know.

Verbal Irony

Character says one thing but means the opposite.

Theme

Main idea/lesson present throughout the entire text. Can be applied to your own life.

Allusion

A statement that refers to something without mentioning it directly

How is the setting of A Midsummer Night’s Dream vital to its plot? Compare the city to the woods.

Throughout the play, there are two main settings, the city of Athens and the enchanted forest. Both of these settings represent opposite forces that shape the characters. In the city, there is order and structure. It is the place where Egeus controls Hermia’s marriage and expects her to follow. Characters in Athens are unable to follow their hearts. Yet in Athens, it is more unpredictable and chaotic because of the magical nature and the existence of fairies. This is where the four lovers ultimately fall with the other pair. The contrast between the forest and Athens drives the plot of the story as it is when Hermia and Lysander leave to the forest, and the fight between the fairy royalty allows the plot to pursue.

How does conflict drive the plot of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? Examine the Athenians, Fairies, & Actors/tradesmen.

Conflict is what drives the entire plot of “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” as it pushes characters into action and creates chaos that eventually becomes resolved. Each group faces different conflicts that interweave with each other. In Athens, there is a conflict between the 4 lovers. Hermia refuses to marry Demetrius because of her love for Lysander. Helena tells Demetrius about the two running to the woods as she believes that it would convince him to love her, although this does not work. This becomes even more complicated when Puck enchants the wrong person and both Demetrius and Lysander fall in love with Hermia. For the fairies, there was the fight between Oberon and Titania for the child. Oberon’s solution to this was using magic to control Tiana. Puck’s mistakes tie their fight in with the humans. Lastly, the actors had the struggle of performing the play. All of them are very passionate about acting yet constantly misunderstand even theater basics.

Theseus

Duke of athens

Hippolyta

Queen of the Amazons

Egeus

Father to Hermia

Hermia

One of the four lovers

Lysander

One of the four lovers

Demetrius

One of the four lovers

Helena

One of the four lovers

Oberon

King of the fairies

Titania

Queen of the fairies

Robin

A “puck” or hobgoblin, in Oberon’s service

Bottom

Weaver acts as Pyramus in the play

Actors/Tradesmen

Group of everyday workers to act in the play Pyramus and Thisbe for Theseus and Hippolyta’s wedding

How does the story of Pyramus and Thisbe reflect A Midsummer Night’s Dream?

The story of Pyramus and Thisbe includes the theme of forbidden love where the two lovers were stopped by their parents to be with each other. This is reiterated within the play as Lysander and Hermia themselves are forbidden from Egeus to be with one another. However the two stories also contrast in how they end, as eventually, Lysander and Hermia are able to be together while Pyramus and Thisbe both die in the end. This reflects back to Shakespeare’s theme in the play that true love never runs easy.

What are the themes to A Midsummer Night’s Dream? How are they reflected throughout the drama?

The main theme within the play is stated early on by Lysander when he states, “The course of true love never did run smooth.” This statement reflects back onto the main theme in that love is not easy. This theme is constantly reflected through the struggles faced in the four lovers, as well as the royal fairies. For example, Lysander and Hermia were in deep love but after Robin accidentally gives the potion to Lysander, he falls in love with Helena and causes a big fight between the 3.

How are Shakespeare’s life experiences reflected through the various aspects of A Midsummer Night’s Dream?

Shakespeare himself had an unhappy marriage as hinted by the fact that when he was a writer, he did not spend much time with his family as he was away in London. This is reflected through the many unhappy marriages presented in Shakespeare's plays. One of which is “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” with the characters Titania and Oberon, the fairy queen and king. Within the play, the two constantly fight, specifically over Titania’s possession of the Indian Boy who she vowed to take care of after her mortal friend passed away.

Agape

True, deep, and passionate. Modern society identities it as true love.

Eros

Lust, one-sided, obsessive. Modern society identifies it as unrequited love or an infatuation.

Mania

Extreme highs and lows. Individuals are described as loving intensely, but becoming jealous and controlling. Modern society identifies as an unhealthy and abusive relationship.

Storge

Love without physical attention. Characterized as unconditional, but can vary depending on the relationship. Modern society identities as parental love.

Philia

Sincere and loyal. Modern society identifies relationship as friendship.

What is the difference between ethos, logos, and pathos?

Ethos: Appeal to speaker’s credibility

Logos: Appeal to logic

Pathos: Appeal to emotions

Jurassic Park is a persuasive novel. What is Crichton’s claim?

Genetic engineering should be taken with caution because it is much different to the scientific innovations from the past. It is broad-based, much of the research is thoughtless, and most importantly, the work is uncontrolled.

Alan Grant

A professional paleontologist who worked as a professor at the University of Denver. Acting as “one of the most foremost researchers in his field.”

Ellie Sattler

A paleobotanist who is a colleague of Dr. Grant.

Ian Malcolm

Ian Malcolm is a famous mathematician of the new generation. He practices a field of mathematics differentiated from traditional linear math. Segments of quotes from Ian also appear at the beginning of each iteration of the novel, which corresponds with the picture of a fractal on the page.

John Hammond

Founder of InGen and Jurassic Park. is responsible for the parks creation.

Tim & Lex Murphy

Tim: Hammond’s grandson who willingly helped others to escape.

Lex: Hammond’s granddaughter

Henry Wu

Chief geneticists who creates the cloned dinosaurs.

Dennis Nedry

Sabotages the park’s systems to steal embryos.

What is thintelligence? Explain how thintelligence is the most prevalent theme in Jurassic Park.

Thintelligence was what occurred when scientists used technology without thinking critically of the negative consequences that could come from it. This is typically because the scientist would believe that the benefits that they would receive for personal gain outway or block out their thinking of what could happen negatively. The idea is extremely prevalent in Jurassic Park as it is what drives the creation of the park, and inspired from real life for Michael Crichton to write the book. As a result of the thintelligent thinking that scientists were using with bioengineering to create dangerous and unnecessary things into the world. He replicates his ideas and an example of what could happen with the same technology into his book, with the characters who do this being driven by their thintelligent thinking.

What is the difference between an explanatory, argumentative, and narrative writing?

The difference between explanatory, argumentative, and narrative writing is their purposes. Explanatory is meant to be informational or an analysis of something. Argumentative is written to persuade the reader. Narrative is telling the reader a story.

Why is a thesis statement so important?

The thesis statement is important as it indicates the purpose for the essay and helps set the tone. Keystone of an essay.

How does one integrate textual evidence into an essay?

One integrates textual evidence into an essay by providing quotations that are introduced in some capacity by providing context, formatting the quote using MLA, and justifying the quote by explaining its relevance.