Solubility

Solubility

Describes the extent to which a solute will dissolve into a solvent to form a solution.

Soluble/Highly Soluble

A lot of the solute can dissolve in the solvent.

Insoluble/Slightly (Sparingly) Soluble

Very little or no solute dissolves in the solvent.

Aqueous Solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

Hydration

The process where water molecules surround the ions to dissolve an ionic solid.

Interactions in Solution Formation

Interactions between intermolecular forces influence the solubility and separation of mixtures.

"Like Dissolves Like" Principle

Substances with similar intermolecular interactions tend to be miscible or soluble in one another.

Solubility Prediction (Polar/Nonpolar)

Polar substances dissolve into polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve into nonpolar solvents.

Insolubility Reason (Polar/Nonpolar)

Nonpolar substances do not dissolve into polar solvents (and vice versa) because the energy released in forming solvent-solute attractions is insufficient to negate the energy required to separate the solute and solvent particles.

Step 1 of Solution Formation

The solute particles must separate (energy required).

Step 2 of Solution Formation

The solvent particles must separate (energy required).

Step 3 of Solution Formation

The solute and solvent particles must come back together (energy released, forming solvent-solute IMFs).

Miscible

When two substances can mix together (e.g., vinegar and water).

Immiscible

When two substances cannot mix together (e.g., oil and wat