3 - WHO Classification of ADR

a. Type A

a. Type A

1. Bleeding caused by antigoagulants

   a. Type A

   b. Type B

   c. Type C

   d. NOTA

c. Type C

2. Withdrawal Syndrome

   a. Type A

   b. Type B

   c. Type C

   d. NOTA

c. Type C

3. Cushing syndrome caused by long term use of steroids

   a. Type A

   b. Type B

   c. Type C

   d. NOTA

d. NOTA

4. Phocomelia caused by thalidomide

   a. Type A

   b. Type B

   c. Type C

   d. NOTA

a. Ethambutol

5. Optic Neuritis

   a. Ethambutol

   b. Rifampicin

   c. Pyrazinamide

   d. NOTA

TYPE A

Augmented

Sedation

Extension Effects of Benzodiazepines

Hypoglycemia

Extension Effects of Sulfonylureas

Tachycardia

Extension Effects of Albuterol

diarrhea

Extension Effects of Antibiotics

Sedation

Extension Effects of CNS Depressants

Bleeding

Extension Effects of Anti-coagulants

Hypoglycemia

Extension Effects of Chlorpropramide

Dryness of mouth

Adverse Effects of Atropine

Dry cough

Adverse Effects of Captopril

Alopecia

Adverse Effects of Antineoplastics

Constipation

Adverse Effects of Opiates

Severe headache

Adverse Effects of Nitroglycerin

Alopecia

Adverse Effects of Minoxidil

Sedation

Adverse Effects of Antihistamine

Bizzare

• Abnormal effects

• Immunological & pharmacogenetic mechanisms

• Reactions disappear on discontinuation

Drug Intolerance

Low threshold to normal pharmacological action of a drug

Hypersensitivity

Immune-mediated response to a drug

Pseudoallergy

direct mast cell activation & degranulation

Idiosyncratic Reaction

A reaction that is usually due to genetic abnormality

Type 1

Anaphylatic is a type

Type 2

Cytotoxic is a type

Type 3

Immune-Complex is a type

Type 4

Delayed-Reaction is a type

IgE

Type 1 Immunoglobulin:

IgG, IgM

Type 2 Immunoglobulins:

IgG

Type 3 Immunoglobulin:

T cells

Type 4 Immunoglobulin:

Type 1

• Penicillin – Cephalosporin (cross[1]sensitivity)

• Hay Fever

• Asthma

• Urticaria

Type 2

• Chloramphenicol (aplastic anemia)

• Methyldopa (hemolytic anemia)

•  Blood Transfusion Reactions

Type 3

• “Serum Sickness”

• Arthus Reaction

• HIP (Drug-induced SLE)

Type 4

• Uroshiol (Contact dermatiti

• Tuberculin Skin Test

• Tissue/Organ Rejection