Chapter 13 EMR

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:
A. apply pressure to the brachial artery
B. apply a tourniquet to the proximal wrist
C. wrap the towel with pressure bandages
D. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen

B. apply a tourniquet to the proximal wrist

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 90/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot & moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:
A. a local infection
B. pump failure
C. decompensated shock
D. septic shock

D. septic shock

All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT:
A. anaphylaxis
B. ischemic stroke
C. spinal injury
D. severe infection

B. ischemic stroke

capillary sphincters are:
A. capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs
B. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries
C. responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cell perfusion
D. under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system

B. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. poor contractility
B. increased afterload
C. increased preload
D. heart attack

C. increased preload

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. cool & clammy skin
B. absent peripheral pulses
C. rapid, shallow breathing
D. restlessness or anxiety

B. absent peripheral pulses

Distributive shock occurs when:
A. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain
B. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle & impairs its pumping function
C. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs
D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:
A. platelets
B. red blood cells
C. plasma
D. whole blood

C. plasma

In an acute setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:
A. hypothermia
B. tachycardia
C. diaphoresis
D. hypovolemia

A. hypothermia

Neurogenic shock occurs when:
A. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury
B. the spinal cord is severed & causes massive hemorrhaging
C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container
D. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation

D. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:
A. carbon dioxide
B. lactic acid
C. carbon monoxide
D. pyruvic acid

A. carbon dioxide

Pulmonary edema & impaired ventilation occur during :
A. neurogenic shock
B. anaphylactic shock
C. cardiogenic shock
D. septic shock

C. cardiogenic shock

Shock is the result of:
A. the body's maintenance of homeostasis
B. temporary dysfunction of a major organ
C. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body
D. widespread constriction of the blood vessels

C. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:
A. the brain
B. the heart
C. the skin
D. the lungs

C. the skin

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?
A. pallor
B. hypotension
C. wheezing
D. dizziness

C. wheezing

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?
A. simple pneumothorax
B. spinal cord injury
C. liver laceration

D. cardiac tamponade

D. cardiac tamponade

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent death from a tension pneumothorax?
A. decompression of the injured side of the chest
B. rapid administration of IV fluids
C. early administration of high-flow oxygen
D. positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask

A. decompression of the injured side of the chest

Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?
A. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses & dilated pupils
B. a 32-year-old male with anxiety & a systolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg
C. a 23-year-old restless male with coll, clammy skin & tachycardia
D. a 28-year-old female with pale skin & rapid, shallow respirations

A. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses & dilated pupils

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
A. subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction
B. sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure
C. anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen
D. anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure

A. subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction

Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?
A. liver laceration
B. severe vomiting
C. repeated diarrhea
D. excessive sweating

A. liver laceration