physiology lec 6-1

The presacral nerve in the pelvis is formed by the union of the ______________ from both sides.

lesser splanchnic nerves

Glycogenolysis in the liver, leading to increased blood glucose, is stimulated by the ______________ nerve.

greater splanchnic

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate leads to __________ in males.

ejaculation of semen

The release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is predominantly due to stimulation from the ______________ nerve.

greater splanchnic

Relaxation of the bladder wall and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter leads to __________.

urine retention

The Orbelli phenomenon relates to sympathetic stimulation of skeletal muscles that enhances their __________.

contraction

Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels leads to _______________ which is essential for maintaining blood pressure.

vasoconstriction

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons that release acetylcholine are known as ______________ neurons.

sympathetic cholinergic

A decrease in heart rate due to parasympathetic stimulation is referred to as __________.

bradycardia

The neurotransmitter released by pregagnlionic parasympathetic neurons is __________.

acetylcholine

In sympathetic responses, increased release of adrenaline is associated with ___________ effect on metabolism.

powerful metabolic

The cranial nerves that have parasympathetic outflow originate from the nuclei of cranial nerves __________, __________, __________, and __________.

III, VII, IX, X

The sacral parasympathetic outflow arises from the LHCs of the __________, __________, and __________ sacral segments.

2nd, 3rd, 4th

Pupillary constriction due to parasympathetic stimulation is caused by contraction of the ______________ muscle.

constrictor pupillae

The __________ nerve has effects on nearly all internal organs by providing mixed sensory and motor function.

vagus

Increased cardiac muscle properties causing an increase in heart rate is a result of __________ stimulation.

sympathetic

Micturition involves contraction of the bladder wall and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter facilitated by the ___________ system.

parasympathetic

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the __________ response to stress.

fight or flight

The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily involved in 'rest and digest' functions.

parasympathetic

The neurotransmitter primarily used by postganglionic sympathetic neurons is __________.

norepinephrine

The __________ nerve is responsible for slowing down heart rate.

vagus

Blood vessel constriction is mainly a result of __________ stimulation.

sympathetic

The __________ reflex involves the spinal cord and helps maintain blood pressure during changes in posture.

baroreceptor

Pupillary dilation occurs due to the __________ nervous system activation.

sympathetic

Parasympathetic fibers arise from the _________ regions of the spinal cord.

sacral and cranial

The main function of the __________ nervous system is to conserve energy and replenish bodily resources.

parasympathetic

Increased metabolic rate in the body is associated with __________ stimulation.

sympathetic