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Psychology
The scientific study of the mind and it’s functions
Philosophy
The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge
Schools of Thought/Psychology
The fields of study in psychology that focuses on studying specific nature of the mind
What is the first school of thought
Structuralism
Who is the proponent of structuralism
Wihelm Wundt
Structuralism
The school of thought focused on studying the structure of the mind
The mind
the totality of an individual including the individual’s experience from birth to adulthood.
Method of study used in structuralism and functionalism
Introspection
Introspection
This refers to analysing and making sense of ones internal experiences as they occur.
Problems with structuralism
It was not objective and therefore not scientific
Functionalism
the school of thought focused on studying the functions of the mind
Proponent of Functionalism
William James
What did James William mean by functions of the mind
how the elements of the mind work together
how mental processes promote adaptation
Meaning of Gestalt
A German word which means form, pattern or whole.
The Gestalt school of thought emerged to oppose structuralism
True
Slogan of Gestalt school of thought
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Proponents of the Gestalt school of thought
Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler
Figure-Ground Principle
This principle refers to the ability to distinguish between the focal point of our visual field and the background.
Phi Phenomenon
The illusion of motion created by the rapid succession of still images
Proximity
The principle that refers to we perceiving things that are close as being part of a group.
Proponent of the Psychodynamic School
Sigmund Freud
What did Sigmund Freud compare the mind to
An iceberg
What did Sigmund Freud believe about the mind
Consciousness is only a small part of the mind
unconsciousness is the bigger part of the mind and it’s hidden
Aspects of the unconscious part of the mind
Id, Ego and Super-ego
Method used in psychodynamic school of thought
Psychoanalysis
Principle the Id operate on
Pleasure principle
The Id
The aspect of the subconscious mind that satisfies basic urges, needs and desires
When does the Id develop
At the initial stages of life
Principle the ego operates on
Reality principle
Function of the Ego
it mediates between the unrealistic Id and the external real world.
The Ego does not work with…
…right or wrong
When does the super ego develop
around the age of 3 to 5
Principle of the super ego operates on
Morality principle
Function of the super Ego
It seeks to control desires based on social norms and values.
Based on psychoanalysis a person’s personality is defined by..
…which aspect of the mind dominates.
Behaviourism
the school of thought focused on the behaviour of individuals
Proponent of behaviourism
John B. Watson
Principles of Behaviourism
Behaviour is deterministic
Behaviour is observable
Behaviour is controllable
Humanistic school of thought
This school of thought focused on humans as being free agents and capable of making their own choices.
Proponent of Humanistic school of thought
Carl Rogers
Note
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