muscles for practicle but noot finished sad

Trapezius

Origin: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, medial margin of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7 —> T12

Insertion: Superior edge of the crest of the spine of scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral 1/3 clavicle

Main Actions: Powerful elevator of scapula, rotates scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal, middle fibers retract scapula, lower fibers depress scapula.

Innervation: CN XI Accessory Nerve, Sensory anterior rami of C3 and C4

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spinous process of the lower six thoracic vertebrae and related interspinous ligaments; via the thoracolumbar fascia to the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae, related interspinous ligaments, and iliac crest; lower 3-4 ribs.

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Actions: Adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve C6 C7 C8

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes C1 and C2 vertebrae, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3 and C4 vertebrae.

Insertion: Posterior surface of medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine of scapula.

Action: Elevates the scapula

Innervation: Branches directly from anterior rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves, branches C5 from dorsal scapular nerve.

Anterior Scalene

Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae CIII to CVI

Insertion: Scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib I

Action: Elevation of rib I

Innervation: Anterior rami of C4 to C7

Rhomboids

Origin: Lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae, spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae

Insertion: Posterior surface of medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula/to the inferior angle.

Action: Elevates and retracts the scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

Deltoid

Origin: inferior edge of the crest of spine of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Major abductor of arm, clavicular fibers assist in flexing arm, posterior fibers assist in extending arm

Innervation: Axillary Nerve C5, C6

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus of the shoulder joint

Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Depresses tip of shoulder, protracts scapula

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerves

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Lateral surfaces of upper 8—>9 ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

Insertion: Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Action: Protraction and rotation of the scapula; keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall.

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve C5, C6, C7

Quadriceps femoris

• Large muscle group at the front of the thigh

  • made up from rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

Rectus femoris

Origin: straight head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum

Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon

Main Action: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint

Innervation: Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Femur— lateral part of the intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera

Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella

Main Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint

Innervation: Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

Vastus medialis

Origin: Femur—medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

Insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella

Main Action: Extend the leg at the knee joint

Innervation: Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Femur—upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces

Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella

Main Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint

Innervation: Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

Sartorius

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

Main Action: flexes the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint

Innervation: Femoral Nerve L2, L3

Biceps femoris

Origin: Long head—inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity, Short head—lateral lip of linea aspera

Insertion: head of fibula

Main Action: flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint

Innervation: Sciatic Nerve L5, S1, S2

Semitendinosus

Origin: Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia

Main Action: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

Innervation: Sciatic Nerve L5, S1, S2

Semimebranosus

Origin: Superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

Main Action: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

Innervation: Sciatic Nerve L5, S1, S2

Popliteus

Origin: lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia

Main Action: stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur); unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)

Innervation: Tibial Nerve L4 to S1

Tibialis Anterior

• Origin: Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal 1

• Main Action: Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint; inversion of foot; dynamix support of medial arch of foot

• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve L4, L5

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Medial head—posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle, lateral head —upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus

Main Action: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Innervation: Tibial nerve S1, S2

Soleus

Origin: Soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments

Insertion: via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus

Main Action: Plantarflexes the foot

Innervation: Tibial nerve S1, S2

Fibularis Longus

Origin: Upper lateral surface of fibula, head of fibula, and occasionally the lateral tibial condyle

Insertion: Undersurface of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

Main Action: Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports mainly lateral and transverse arches of foot

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula

Insertion: mainly tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform

Main Action: inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking

Innervation: Tibial Nerve L4, L5

Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Main Action: Flexes great toe; particularly active during the toe-off phase of walking when the body is propelled forward off the stance leg and the great tow is the last part of the foot to leave the ground

Innervation: Tibial Nerve S2, S3

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: medial side of posterior surface of the tibia

Insertion: plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

Main Action: flexes lateral four toes

Innervation: Tibial Nerve S2, S3

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: proximal ½ of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle

Insertion: via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes

Main Action: Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve L5, S1