Blood Composition and Function in the Circulatory System

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29 Terms

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Circulatory System

Connects heart, lungs, and tissues for blood flow.

<p>Connects heart, lungs, and tissues for blood flow.</p>
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Blood Volume

Average adult blood volume is approximately 5 liters.

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Blood Circulation Rate

14,000 liters circulate every 24 hours.

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Arteries

Thick-walled vessels carrying blood away from heart.

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Veins

Thinner-walled vessels returning blood to heart.

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Blood Pressure

Force exerted by circulating blood on vessel walls.

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Systolic Pressure

Maximum arterial pressure during heart contraction.

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Diastolic Pressure

Minimum arterial pressure between heartbeats.

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Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure causing weak symptoms.

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Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure risking health issues.

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Oxyhaemoglobin

Bright red form of haemoglobin carrying oxygen.

<p>Bright red form of haemoglobin carrying oxygen.</p>
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Carbaminohaemoglobin

Dark red form of haemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide.

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Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport.

<p>Red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport.</p>
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Leukocytes

White blood cells involved in immune defense.

<p>White blood cells involved in immune defense.</p>
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Platelets

Cell fragments aiding in blood clotting.

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Albumin

Major blood protein maintaining osmotic pressure.

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Fibrinogen

Protein essential for blood coagulation process.

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Immunoglobulins

Antibodies providing specific immune responses.

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Hematopoiesis

Formation of blood cells from stem cells.

<p>Formation of blood cells from stem cells.</p>
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CD34+ Stem Cell

Multipotent stem cell for blood cell development.

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Immunophenotyping

Technique to identify specific cell populations using antibodies.

<p>Technique to identify specific cell populations using antibodies.</p>
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Coagulation Cascade

Proteolytic activation process leading to blood clotting.

<p>Proteolytic activation process leading to blood clotting.</p>
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Thrombin

Key enzyme converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

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Plasminogen

Inactive precursor converted to plasmin for clot dissolution.

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Complement System

First line of defense against pathogens in immunity.

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Opsonization

Coating of pathogens to enhance phagocytosis.

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Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

Lytic pore formed by complement proteins to kill bacteria.

<p>Lytic pore formed by complement proteins to kill bacteria.</p>
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Anaphylatoxins

Small fragments attracting and activating phagocytes.

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TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

Medication used to dissolve blood clots.