AP US history unit 6

The Gilded Age

A period in American history from the 1870s to about 1900, characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and political corruption.

Industrialization

The transformation from an agricultural society to an industrial one, marked by the growth of factories and mass production.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed corruption, social injustices, and abuses of power in American society during the early 20th century.

Monopoly

The exclusive control of a commodity or service in a market, eliminating competition.

Progressive Era

A period of social activism and political reform in the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers who come together to achieve common goals for improving working conditions and wages.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in 1886, led by Samuel Gompers.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that ended with federal intervention.

Trusts

Legal arrangements that allow one party to manage another party's property, commonly used to consolidate monopolies.

Interstate Commerce Act

A federal law of 1887 that regulated the railroad industry and its monopolistic practices.

Settlement Houses

Community centers in urban areas that provided services to the poor and immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Women's Suffrage

The movement advocating for the right of women to vote, culminating in the 19th Amendment in 1920.

The Jungle

A novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed the horrors of the meatpacking industry and led to food safety reforms.

Tin Pan Alley

The name given to the popular music industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, centered in New York City.

The 16th Amendment

Ratified in 1913, it authorized the federal government to impose an income tax.

The 17th Amendment

Ratified in 1913, it established the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

The 18th Amendment

Ratified in 1919, it prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

The 19th Amendment

Ratified in 1920, it granted women the right to vote.

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States (1901–1909), known for his progressive reforms and the Square Deal.

William Howard Taft

The 27th President of the United States (1909–1913), known for his trust-busting efforts and the establishment of the Department of Labor.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States (1913–1921), known for his leadership during World War I and his Fourteen Points.

Seward's Folly

The purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, criticized at the time but later valued for its resources.

American Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, particularly during the late 19th century.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 between the United States and Spain that resulted in U.S. territorial gains.

Philippine-American War

A conflict between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy initiated in 1899 aimed at ensuring equal trading rights for all nations in China.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreigner uprising in China in 1900 that was suppressed by an international coalition.

Roosevelt Corollary

A 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin American affairs.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to fight for civil rights.

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

An organization founded in 1874 that advocated for the prohibition of alcohol.

Prohibition

The legal prevention of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks, established by the 18th Amendment.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York in the 1920s.

Great Migration

The movement of over a million African Americans from the rural South to cities in the North and West during the early to mid-20th century.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.

Social Security Act

A 1935 law that established a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance.

Dust Bowl

A period of severe dust storms in the 1930s that caused major ecological and agricultural damage in the Great Plains.

World War I

A global war from 1914 to 1918, involving many countries and leading to significant political and social changes.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation, ultimately failing to prevent World War II.

Isolationism

A foreign policy of avoiding involvement in international conflicts, prominent in the U.S. between World War I and World War II.

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism in the United States, particularly following World War I.

Warren G. Harding

The 29th President of the United States (1921–1923), known for his return to normalcy and corruption scandals.

Calvin Coolidge

The 30th President of the United States (1923–1929), known for promoting business and limiting government involvement.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the United States (1929–1933), criticized for his handling of the Great Depression.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945), known for leading the country during the Great Depression and World War II.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A 1964 resolution that granted President Johnson the authority to increase U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

Pearl Harbor

The surprise military attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941, which led to the United States' entry into World War II.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, a pivotal event in World War II.

United Nations

An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

Cold War

The period of political tension and military rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II.