Respiratory System Concepts

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the respiratory system based on lecture notes.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during regular breathing.

Inspiratory Volume

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal volume.

Expiratory Volume

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal tidal volume.

Residual Volume (RV)

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation to prevent lung collapse.

Inspiratory Capacity

The total amount of air that can be inhaled after normal tidal volume; calculated as TV + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).

Functional Residual Capacity

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal tidal expiration; calculated as RV + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).

Vital Capacity

The total amount of exchangeable air in the lungs; calculated as TV + IRV + ERV.

Total Lung Capacity

The sum of all lung volumes; calculated as TV + IRV + ERV + RV.

External Respiration

The exchange of gases between the blood and the lungs.

Internal Respiration

The exchange of gases between the blood and tissues.

Dalton's Law

States that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.

Henry's Law

Describes how gases dissolve in liquids, indicating that the amount of gas that can be dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure.

Partial Pressure Gradient

The difference in partial pressure of a gas between two locations that drives gas movement.

Hypoxia

A condition where the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

Anemic Hypoxia

A type of hypoxia caused by a deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood cells.

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Hypoxia resulting from the inability of cells to utilize oxygen, often due to poisons like cyanide.

Hypoxemic Hypoxia

A type of hypoxia caused by inadequate oxygen in the air or reduced oxygen delivery to the lungs.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A condition caused by inhaling carbon monoxide, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, often accompanied by headaches.