LITE ALL MODULES

Ubiquity of Digital Devices

This covers items like smartphones, tablets, wearables, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Connectivity

Emphasized by global internet access and real-time communication.

Information Explosion (Big Data)

Mentioned is the immense amount of data created daily, supported by social media and content creation.

Automation and AI

Examples include smart assistants, self-driving cars, and chatbots.

1971

8-INCH FLOPPY DISKS

2005

CLOUD COMPUTING

Positive Impacts of IT

* Education: Enhanced by e-learning and interactive tools.

* Healthcare: Improved through telemedicine and health monitoring apps.

* Business: Benefits from remote work, cloud computing, and global collaboration.

* Social Connectivity: Facilitated by instant communication and virtual communities.

Challenges for the Impacts of IT

* Digital Divide: The issue of unequal access to technology.

* Privacy Issues: Concerns about data breaches and surveillance.

* Cybersecurity Threats: The presence of hacking and scams.

* Mental Health: Problems stemming from social media pressure and tech addiction.

* Job Displacement: The concern of automation replacing certain job roles.

ICT

stands for Information and Communication Technology. It is a field that combines computing and telecommunications.

• It encompasses technologies used to handle communications, broadcasting, computing, and information management. The primary functions of ICT are to enable the access, storage, transmission, and manipulation of information.

Information Technology (IT)

* Pertains to the industry involving computers, software, networking, and other IT infrastructure.

* It's primarily seen in large companies or corporations to help relay or manage important information.

* IT is a subset of ICT, as the technology used in IT aids in the use of ICT.

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

* Often used in a more general sense.

* It is described as using computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or institutions in handling or using information.

* It supports activities that involve information, such as gathering, processing, storing, presenting data, collaboration, and communication.

ICT’s 5 KEY ELEMENTS

* Hardware: These are the physical components of a computer system or any electronic device, such as computers, mobile devices, and servers.

* Software: A set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and perform specific tasks (e.g., operating systems and applications).

* Networks: A system that connects two or more computers or devices together so they can share resources like data, files, or internet connections (e.g., the internet, intranet, LAN/WAN).

* Data: The raw facts and figures that are processed and managed within ICT systems (e.g., digital content and databases).

* People: This refers to the users, developers, and professionals who design, develop, manage, use, or maintain technological systems and devices (e.g., users and IT professionals).

ICT Tools

* Computers: Desktops and laptops used for data processing and communication.

* Smartphones: Mobile devices with internet, apps, and communication functions.

* Internet: The global system of interconnected networks.

* Email: Electronic mail for sending messages over the internet.

* Teleconferencing Tools: Applications like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet.

* Social Media Platforms: Sites like Facebook, X (Twitter), and LinkedIn for communication and networking.

ICT plays a critical role in the modern world b

* Enhancing Communication: Leading to faster communication, collaboration tools, and multiple channels.

* Boosting Productivity: Achieved through automation, speeding up communication, and centralizing information.

* Supporting Education and Learning: Facilitating eLearning and online courses.

* Facilitating e-commerce and e-governance: Enabling digital services and smart cities.

* Driving Innovation and Globalization: Encouraging innovation using AI and Big Data and speeding up Research and Development.

Other Everyday Applications:

* Business: Digital marketing and cloud computing.

* Healthcare: Telemedicine and digital records.

* Entertainment: Streaming and gaming.

Challenges of ICT

* Digital Divide: Inequality in access to technology.

* Cybersecurity Threats: Risks to data and systems from malicious attacks.

* Privacy Concerns: Issues related to the collection and use of personal data.

* Over-dependence on Technology: Excessive reliance on digital systems.

Future Trends in ICT

* Artificial Intelligence (AI)

* Internet of Things (IoT)

* 5G Networks

* Cloud Computing

* Big Data and Analytics

* Cybersecurity Innovations

* Green ICT

* Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)

How Computers Work

operates in a way that suggests it has a human brain, even though it doesn't. Computers function by understanding machine language, which sees letters and other data as a series of 0's and 1's. This is known as binary language or the Binary Number System.

Binary Number System

Can only understand two digits: 0 and 1.

Octal Number System

Uses eight digits to represent values.

Hexadecimal Number System

Uses sixteen digits to represent values

Meaning of Coding

Writing programs.

Programmer

Creates programs for computers to perform specific tasks.

ASCII Code

is a 7-bit code used to represent letters, numbers, and basic special characters.

System Bus

A pathway of cables and connectors that carries data between peripheral devices (like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse) and the CPU and main memory.

Data Bus

Can transfer data to and from the memory of a computer, or into or out of the CPU. This is like the letter itself carrying the actual message (data).

Address Bus

Used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files, and other devices within the system. This is like the envelope with the recipient's address.

Control Bus

Used by CPUs to communicate with other devices within the computer system. This is like the post office rules that ensure the letter is sent and delivered properly.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Often limited to an individual person and their personal devices.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A connection where a group of computers and other devices share a common communication line.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Connects more than one LAN and is used for larger geographical areas.

Wired Communication

Different types of cables are used, such as USB, FireWire, Ethernet cable, and HDMI. Other wired connectors include VGA, Serial Connector, Parallel Connector, PS/2, and Audio Jacks.

Wireless Communication

This includes Wireless Fidelity (WIFI), Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System (GPS).

Computer Software

is a combination of instructions, data, and programs a computer needs to perform a specific task.

System Software

The most important software, known as the OS (Operating System), which manages memory and instructions and controls hardware and software applications.

Application Software

Consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.

Online Application Software

Introduced with improved internet speed.

Online Productivity Tools

Available for organizations for tasks like data collection and analysis.

Content Management System (CMS)

Tools that offer blogging and websites through online services.

The Internet

is a global network of interconnected computers and devices. It is the underlying system/infrastructure, analogous to the cable network that brings signals to your home or the highway.

• The Internet uses a standard communication protocol called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

The World Wide Web (WWW)

is the content/experience. It's the collection of websites and online content, similar to the channels and shows you actually watch or the cars and information traveling on the highway.

Infrastructure

The physical network of the Internet is built on cables, satellites, routers, and servers that connect millions of devices globally. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect users to this global network, acting as gateways.

IP Address

Every device connected to the Internet has an IP address, which is like a home address.

Domain Name System (DNS)

This system translates website names (like www.google.com) into their corresponding IP addresses.

Protocols (Rules of Communication)

are the standard sets of rules that computers use to communicate over the Internet.

* TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol): This is the fundamental set of rules for the Internet.

* TCP breaks messages into smaller parts called packets.

* IP routes these packets through the global network to the correct destination, where they are reassembled into the original message by the receiver.

* HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol / Secure): These are used for web browsing. HTTPS adds security by encrypting the connection.

* FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for uploading and downloading files to a web server.

* SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for email.

Vint Cerf

Known as the "Father of the Internet," he is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet.

Tim Berners-Lee

The British computer scientist and inventor of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 (made public in 1991).

HTML

HyperText Markup Language

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

Web Browser

A software application that lets you access and view websites on the internet. Examples include Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and Opera.

Search Engine

A software system that helps users find information on the internet by typing in keywords or questions.

Servers

is a special computer that stores, manages, and delivers information or services to other computers (called clients) over a network or the Internet.