Urine

Urine

It is a medium for the excretion of water, salts, acids, bases, waste products of metabolism, or substances that are not reabsorbed.

Urine

It can be defined as an end product of the physiological activity of the kidneys involving glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption.

Pale Yellow

Normal fresh urine is in what color?

Urochrome - Uroerythrin - Urobilin

Generally, normal fresh urine is pale yellow due to the pigment _________ and small amounts of __________ and ________.

Amber

This color indicates a high specific gravity and small quantity of urine.

Aromatic

The normal odor of freshly voided urine is usually ________ due to urinoid and volatile organic acids.

Yes

Does a putrid or strongly ammoniacal odor points to the decomposition of urea to ammonia by bacteria probably occurring in the bladder?

Fruity

This aroma is observed in a patient with diabetes when large amounts of acetone or ketone bodies are present.

1000-2000 mL

The 24 h urine amount of the normal person (adult) is about what mL?

250-400 mL

The normal volume of urine by a normal adult will vary from around what mL?

3-4 Hours

Most people with normal bladder can hold on for how many hours per excretion?

Yes

Is normal fresh urine clear and transparent?

Acid

____ urine may develop white or pinkish sediments of amorphous ureates.

Alkanine

________ urine may develop white sediments of amorphous phosphates.

Nubecula

A cloud or “________” may appear after standing upon cooling due to the presence of mucus, leukocytes, and epithelial cells that settle at the bottom container.

6.6 pH

Urine is usually acidic with an average pH of?

Less

Is a 44-hour urine specimen more or less acidic?

1.015-1.030

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Specific Gravity

In urine, ________ _______ is a measure of the concentration of solutes and the concentrating and diluting the power of the kidney.

1.007

The specific gravity of the glomerular filtrate is?

Urea - Creatinine

What are the 2 organic molecules in urine?

Urea

Is an organic compound whose chemical formula is: (NH₂)₂CO. It is also known as carbamide.

Urea

It is derived from ammonia and produced by the deamination of amino acids.

Ammonia - Amino Acids

Urea is derived from _______ and produced by the deamination of _____ _____.

Dietary Protein

The amount of urea in urine is related to the quantity of?

Chloride - Carbonates - Sulfates

What are the 3 inorganic constituents in urine?

Insulin

This hormone helps move glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

High ketone levels in urine may indicate?

Albumin

A protein in  blood. It helps keep the correct balance of fluid between the blood vessels and the body tissues they supply.

Bile Salts

They appear in the urine when there is an obstruction to the biliary tract and that will leads to an increase in the bile acids in the blood.

Bile Salts

They are needed to facilitate fat absorption, intestinal emulsification.

Enterohepatic Circulation

The recycling of bile salts is termed the?

Bile Salts

They are made in the liver from cholesterol and these help in the fat absorption. They make fat more soluble.