asexual and plant reproduction

rhizomes / creeping rootstocks

ginger, turmeric, bamboo, sugarcane

stem tubers

potato, dahlia, asparagus

root tubers

sweet potato

corms

colocasia, yam

bulbs

onion, garlic, lily

stolons

colocasia, strawberry

offsets

pistia, eichhornia, water hyacinth

suckers

banana, pineapple

leaves with epiphyllous buds

bryophyllum, begonia, kalanchoe, agave

cutting

rose, sugarcane, coleus, bougainvillea

grafting

guava, mango, rubber, citrus, pear, apple

layering

climbing rose, forsythia, rhododendron, honeysuckle

homogamy (stamen, pistil mature at same time)

wheat, rice, mirabilis

cleistogamy (flower doesn’t open)

commelina benghalensis

unisexual flowers (both borne on same plant)

maize, castor, cucumber

unisexual flowers (on different plants)

papaya, mulberry, palm

self-sterility (can’t fuck their own plant)

apple, grape, rye

protogyny (female part matures first)

peepal, custard apple

protandry (male part matures first)

pea, sunflower, salvia

herkogamy (physical obstacle) - with reasons

pansy (hood over stigma), gloriosa (opposite directions)

heterostyly

primrose, oxalis

ornithophily

canna, begonia

chiropterophily

kadam tree

malacophily

lemna, snake plant