Bio Principles Lab Exam 1

What composes a nucleotide?

A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

What are the 4 nucleotides?

ATCG

Chromosomes

Organized packages that DNA is divided up into

What color was the banana DNA?

White

Why is DNA not found in the water layer?

It’s hydrophobic

Metaphase plate

Equator of the cell

Alleles

Different variants of a gene

Genotype

A set of alleles

Phenotype

Set of observed characteristics

Phylogeny

Study of relationships between organisms

Morphology

Study of shapes/arrangements of parts on organisms, usually to determine function, development, and how evolution may be involved

Community

Assemblage of populations of different organisms

Climax community

Stable state of a community after a series of successional stages (seres)

What is the order of layers in a mature forest?

Canopy layer

Sub canopy

Shrub layer

Herbaceous layer

Litter layer

Canopy layer

Has leaves and branches of tallest trees

Subcanopy

Smaller trees and tall shrubs

Shrub layer

Small shrubby and semi-shrubby plants

Herbaceous layer

Annual, biennial and perennial wildflowers, grasses and herbs

Biomes

Categorized by climate and specific community that adapted to those environments

Primary succession

Colonization of barren areas with no life previously

Secondary succession

Colonization of an area where there was a previous community that is either partially or completely removed

Summer fruiting

Seeds are surrounded by sweet tissue with lots of carbohydrates

High-quality fall fruits

Rich in lipids that provide more calories for migrating species. They rot rapidly.

Low-quality fall fruits

Decay resistant due to low lipid and carbohydrate content, they remain on the plant throughout the winter

Rose hips

Helps mockingbirds with over the winter food source

Edge-adapted

Invasive species tend to stay on the edge of a forest

Tree age

Determined by the rings on the tree

Lichens

Composite organisms that arise from algae or Cyanobacteria that live among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship

Where in a plant would cells be undergoing mitosis?

The stem and roots/root tips