Ornithology Midterm 1

(Superorder) Paleognathae

Includes ratite birds, ancient-type palate, keel reduced or absent, reduced wings

(Order) Struthioniformes

Ostriches

(Order) Rheiformes

Rheas

(Order Casuariiformes

Cassowaries and Emu

(Order) Apterygiformes

Kiwis

(Order) Tinamiformes

Tinamous

(Order) Anseriformes

Ducks, geese, swans, screamers

(Order) Galliformes

quails, turkeys, pheasants, chickens, grouse

(Order) Columbiformes

doves and pigeons

(Order) Mesitorithiformes

Mesites

(Order) Pterocliformes

sandgrouse

(Order) Otidiformes

Bustards

(Order) Musophagiformes

Turacos

(Order) Cuculiformes

Cuckoos, roadrunners, anis

(Order) Caprimulgiformes

“Goat-suckers”: nightjars, poorwills, nighthawks

(Order) Nyctibiiformes

Potoos

(Order) Steatornithiformes

Oilbird

(Order) Podargiformes

Frogmouths

(Order) Aegotheliformes

Owlet-nightjars

(Order) Apodiformes

Swifts and hummigbirds

(Order) Gruiformes

cranes, rails, coots, flufftails, sungrebes, finfoot, trumpeters, limpkin

(Order) Charadriiformes

shorebirds, gulls, terns, alcids, pratincoles, thick-knees, sheatbills, jacanas, buttonquail

(Order) Phoenicopteriformes

flamingos

(Order) Podicipediformes

grebes

(Order) Opisthocomiformes

hoatzin

(Order) Eurypygiformes

sunbittern and kagu

(Order) Phaethontiformes

tropicbirds

(Order) Gaviiformes

loons

(Order) Sphenisciformes

penguins

(Order) Procellariiformes

albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels, fulmars, storm-petrels, diving-petrels

(Order) Ciconiiformes

storks

(Order) Suliformes

boobies, gannets, cormorants, anhingas, frigatebirds

(Order) Pelecaniformes

pelicans, bitterns, herons, ibises, egrets, spoonbills, shoebill, hamerkop

(Order) Cathartiformes

New World vultures

(Order) Accipitriformes

dirunal birds of prey, incl Secretary Bird

(Order) Stigiformes

owls

(Order) Coliiformes

mousebirds

(Order) Leptosomiformes

cuckoo-roller

(Order) Trogoniformes

trogons, quetzals

(Order) Bucerotiformes

hoopoes, wood hoopoes, hornbills

(Order) Coraciiformes

kingfishers, bee-eaters, motmots

(Order) Piciformes

woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, honeyguides

(Order) Cariamiformes

Seriemas

(Order) Falconiformes

Falcons and caracaras

(Order) Psittaciformes

parrots, macaws, lovebirds, cockatoos, etc

(Order) Passeriformes

songbirds

(Family) Tyrannidae

flycatchers, kingbirds

(Suborder) Tyranni

more “basal” suborder of Passeriformes, inc flycatchers

(Suborder) Passeres

more “derived” suborder of Passeriformes, inc vireos and corvids

(Family) Laniidae

shrikes

(Family) Corvidae

crows, ravens, jays

(Family) Paridae

tits and parids

(Family) Remizidae

verdins

(Family) Alaudidae

larks

(Family) Hirundinidae

swallows, martins

(Family) Aegithalidae

long-tailed tits and bushtit

(Family) Sylviidae

wrentit and parrotbill

(Family) Regulidae

kinglets

(Family) Sittidae

nuthatches

(Family) Certhiidae

treecreepers

(Family) Polioptilidae

gnatcatchers

(Family) Troglodytidae

wrens

(Family) Cinclidae

dippers

(Order) Sturnidae

starlings, myna

(Family) Mimidae

mimic thrushes, thrashers

(Family) Turnidae

thrushes, bluebirds, robins, solitaries

(Family) Bombycillidae

waxwings

(Order) Ptilogonatidae

silky flycatchers, phainopepla

(Order) Peucedramidae

olive warbler

(Family) Passeridae

Old World sparrows

(Family) Motacillidae

pipits, wagtials

(Family) Fringillidae

finches, siskins, goldfinches, crossbills

(Family) Calcariidae

longsputs, Snow Bunting, McKay’s Bunting

(Family) Passerellidae

New World sparrows, juncos, towhees

(Family) Icteriidae

yellow-breasted chat

(Family) Icteridae

orioles, blackbirds, meadowlarks, grackles

(Family) Parulidae

New World warblers

(Family) Cardinalidae

cardinals, Pyrrhuloxia, most grosbeaks, most buntings, migratory tanagers

New World

includes North and South America

Old World

Includes Africa, Asia, Europe

Nearctic

North America

Neotropic

South America

Palearctic

Top of Africa, Europe, and Asia

Holarctic

Nearctic + Palearctic

2

How many toes do ostriches have

3

How many toes do Rheas have

3

How many toes do Cassowaries and Emus have

South America

Where are Rheas found

Australia and New Guinea

Where are Cassowaries found

Australia

Where are Emus found

New Zealand (Kiwi)

Where are the birds who lay the largest egg per body size of any animal found

Central and South America (Tinamous)

Where are the ratites who can fly weakly found

4

How many toes do Kiwis have

4

How many toes do Tinamous have

South America (screamers)

Where are the Anseriformes with rudimentary webs on feet, spurs on wings, no uncinate processes, and no penis found

Anhimidae

Screamer family

Anseranatidae

1 species Anseriformes family including Magpie goose

Worldwide

Where are waterfowl found

Anatidae

true waterfowl family

worldwide (upland game fowl)

where are the birds with short rounded wings, heavy feet and bodies, strong runners found