Chromosomal Mutation

Chromosomal Mutation

A change in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell.

Chromosomal Aberration

Changes in the structure of chromosomes.

Chromosomal Alteration

Changes in the number of chromosomes.

Translocation

A chromosomal aberration where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome.

Deletion

A chromosomal aberration involving the loss of a chromosomal segment.

Inversion

A chromosomal aberration where a segment of a chromosome breaks off, rotates 180°, and rejoins in reverse orientation.

Duplication

A chromosomal aberration in which a segment of a chromosome is duplicated, resulting in additional copies of genes.

Cri du Chat Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by deletion of a small part of the short arm of chromosome 5.

Aneuploidae

A condition where there is an abnormal number of chromosomes, either more or fewer than the normal set.

Euploidy

A chromosomal alteration involving the entire set of chromosomes.

Polyploidy

A condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Monosomy

A type of aneuploidy where one chromosome is missing from the normal pair.

Trisomy

A type of aneuploidy where there is an extra chromosome in the pair.

Klinefelter syndrome

A genetic condition in males characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (47, XXY).

Turner syndrome

A genetic condition in females caused by the absence of one X chromosome (45, XO).

Allopolyploidy

A condition in which an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes derived from different species.

Autopolyploidy

A condition in which an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes derived from the same species.

Non-disjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during cell division, leading to gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.