grammar 382

the rhetorical situation

• logos

• ethos

• pathos

logos

message

ethos

communicator

pathos

audience

language dialects vary by

• vocab

• sounds

• grammar

language dialect varys vocab wise by

• slang

• regional terms

language dialect varys sound wise by

• accents

• pronounciations

grammar one

the system of rules in our head

examples of grammar one

• varies from one community to another

• dialects and regionalisms

grammar two

formal description of rules

examples of grammar two

• textbook grammar

• form

• structure

• syntax

grammar three

social implications of usage

examples of grammar three

• do’s and don’ts

• certain words in particular contexts

NCTE grammar guidelines say

we can all do grammar, but to know it allows for us to understand more

sentence structure is made of

noun phrases and verb phrases

the noun phrase is the

subject

the verb phrase is the

predicate

the NP of the sentence “the ninjas dance” is

the ninjas

the VP of the sentence “the ninjas dance” is

dance

t or f: adjectives affect the given NP or VP

false

the word or group of words functioning as a noun in a sentence is the

noun phrase

what contains a determiner and a headword

noun phrases

the determiner is the

noun signaler

most common determiners include

• a

• the

these are also often determiners

• possessive

• pronouns

• demonstrative pronouns

the phrases: “Joe’s” and “his” are

possessive nouns and pronouns

the phrases: “this”, “that”, “these”, and “those” are

demonstrative

in the phrase “the pigs” the determiner is

the

in the phrase “the pigs” the headword is

pigs

in the phrase “Joe’s prize winning pigs” the determiner is

Joe’s

in the phrase “Joe’s prize-winning pigs” the headword is

pigs

the headword

puts the noun in the NP

the word in which the determiner refers is the

headword

t or f: headwords dont always have determiners before them

true

in the phrase “the children” the headword is

children

in the phrase “my rhino” the headword is

rhino

in the phrase “his sparkly unicorn” the headword is

unicorn

• across

• after

• before

• during

• in

• over

• with

are some examples of what types ot phrases

prepositional

what can be adjectival or adverbial

prepositional phrases

words that describe nouns are

adjectival

words that describe verbs are

adverbial

in the phrase “the fans in the stands are excited” the adjectival portion is

in the stands

in the phrase “we ate after the game” is the underlined portion adjectival or adverbial?

adverbial