Biology chapter 2 vocab
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30 Terms
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Ecology
the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied
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Biosphere
The portion of the Earth that supports life
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Biotic Factors
The living factors in an organism's environment
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Abiotic factors
The nonliving factors in an organism's environment
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Population
individual organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time
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Biological Community
A group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time
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Ecosystem
A biological community and all the abiotic factors that affect it.
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Biome
large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities
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Habitat
Place where an organism lives
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Niche
The role or position that an organism has in its environment
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Predation
When one organism consumes another for food
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Symbiosis
The close relationship between two species that live together
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Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
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Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
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Autotroph
An organism that makes it's own food (Often from the sunlight)
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Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food (Consumes other organisms)
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Herbivore
Heterotroph that only eats plants
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Carnivore
Heterotroph that preys on heterotrophs
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Omnivores
Organisms that eat plants and animals
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Detritivores
Organisms that eat dead organic matter
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Trophic level
Each step in a food chain or food web
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Food Chain
model that shows how energy flows through an ecosystem
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Food web
Model showing interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through organisms
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Biomass
The total mass of living matter at each trophic level
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Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Nutrient
A chemical substance that an organism must obtain from its environment to sustain life
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Biogeochemical Cycle
The exchange of matter through the biosphere
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Nitrogen Fixation
the capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants
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Detrification
soil bacteria convert fixed nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas