KEDA vitamin

Fig #1.1 Vitamins are defined as

Small organic molecules required in small amounts from diet

Fig #1.2 Vitamins are required because

Most are not synthesized in the body

Fig #1.3 Provitamins are defined as

Precursors converted to active vitamins in the body

Fig #2.1 Vitamins are divided into

Two groups fat soluble and water soluble

Fig #2.2 Fat soluble vitamins include

Vitamins A D E K

Fig #2.3 Water soluble vitamins include

Vitamin B complex and vitamin C

Fig #3.1 Fat soluble vitamins are characterized by

Soluble in fat not water

Fig #3.2 Fat soluble vitamins absorption requires

Lipids and bile salts

Fig #3.3 Fat soluble vitamins transport requires

Carrier proteins

Fig #3.4 Fat soluble vitamins storage occurs in

Liver

Fig #3.5 Fat soluble vitamins excretion is

Minimal not easily excreted

Fig #3.6 Fat soluble vitamins deficiency appears when

Body stores are depleted

Fig #3.7 Fat soluble vitamins toxicity is

Possible hypervitaminosis

Fig #3.8 Fat soluble vitamins deficiency treatment is

Single large doses effective

Fig #4.1 Water soluble vitamins are characterized by

Soluble in water

Fig #4.2 Water soluble vitamins absorption is

Simple direct absorption

Fig #4.3 Water soluble vitamins transport requires

No carrier proteins

Fig #4.4 Water soluble vitamins storage is

Minimal no significant storage

Fig #4.5 Water soluble vitamins excretion is

Excreted in urine

Fig #4.6 Water soluble vitamins deficiency appears

Rapidly due to no storage

Fig #4.7 Water soluble vitamins toxicity is

Rare due to excretion

Fig #4.8 Water soluble vitamins deficiency treatment is

Regular dietary intake required

Fig #5.1 Vitamin A is known as

Anti night blindness and anti xerophthalmic vitamin

Fig #5.2 Vitamin A structure consists of

β ionone ring and isoprene units

Fig #5.3 Forms of vitamin A include

Retinol retinal retinoic acid

Fig #5.4 Retinol is defined as

Vitamin A alcohol form

Fig #5.5 Retinal is defined as

Vitamin A aldehyde form

Fig #5.6 Retinoic acid is defined as

Oxidized active form of vitamin A

Fig #6.1 Animal sources of vitamin A include

Liver fish oils butter egg milk

Fig #6.2 Plant sources of vitamin A contain

Carotenes

Fig #6.3 Plant sources examples include

Carrot pumpkin mango papaya

Fig #7.1 Vitamin A is required for

Normal and color vision

Fig #7.2 Vitamin A role in gene expression is

Regulation of gene activity

Fig #7.3 Vitamin A role in growth is

Supports growth and reproduction

Fig #7.4 Vitamin A role in oral health is

Maintains mucosa and enamel

Fig #7.5 Beta carotene function is

Antioxidant protection

Fig #8.1 Vitamin A deficiency first sign is

Night blindness

Fig #8.2 Xerophthalmia is defined as

Keratinization of conjunctiva and cornea

Fig #8.3 Vitamin A deficiency affects bones by

Impaired growth and tooth formation

Fig #8.4 Vitamin A deficiency affects nerves by

Myelin degeneration

Fig #8.5 Vitamin A deficiency causes

Hyperkeratosis of epithelium

Fig #8.6 Vitamin A deficiency skin change is

Xeroderma toad skin

Fig #8.7 Vitamin A deficiency oral effect is

Poor enamel and rough teeth

Fig #9.1 Vitamin D is known as

Sunshine vitamin

Fig #9.2 Forms of vitamin D include

D2 ergocalciferol and D3 cholecalciferol

Fig #9.3 Provitamin of vitamin D3 is

7 dehydrocholesterol

Fig #9.4 Vitamin D3 is formed by

Sunlight exposure on skin

Fig #10.1 Vitamin D increases

Calcium and phosphate absorption

Fig #10.2 Vitamin D role in bones is

Mineralization of bone and teeth

Fig #10.3 Vitamin D role in kidney is

Reduces calcium excretion

Fig #10.4 Vitamin D role in immunity is

Enhances antibacterial defense

Fig #11.1 Vitamin D deficiency in children causes

Rickets

Fig #11.2 Rickets is characterized by

Bone deformities

Fig #11.3 Vitamin D deficiency in adults causes

Osteomalacia

Fig #11.4 Vitamin D deficiency oral effect is

Weak teeth and gingivitis

Fig #12.1 Vitamin E is known as

Antioxidant vitamin

Fig #12.2 Vitamin E forms include

Alpha beta gamma delta tocopherol

Fig #12.3 Vitamin E function is

Prevents oxidative damage

Fig #13.1 Vitamin E deficiency in infants causes

Hemolytic anemia

Fig #13.2 Vitamin E deficiency effect is

Neurodegenerative disease

Fig #14.1 Sources of vitamin E include

Nuts seeds vegetable oils

Fig #15.1 Vitamin K is known as

Anti hemorrhagic vitamin

Fig #15.2 Vitamin K1 is

Phylloquinone from plants

Fig #15.3 Vitamin K2 is

Menaquinone from bacteria

Fig #16.1 Vitamin K function is

Synthesis of clotting factors II VII IX X

Fig #16.2 Vitamin K role in bone is

Activates osteocalcin

Fig #17.1 Vitamin K deficiency in newborn causes

Hemorrhage

Fig #17.2 Vitamin K deficiency cause is

Lack of intestinal flora

Fig #17.3 Vitamin K deficiency due to

Antibiotics or liver disease

Fig #17.4 Vitamin K deficiency drug cause is

Warfarin or dicumarol

Fig #17.5 Vitamin K deficiency in adults causes

Bruising