Evolution Test

Linnaeus

A society of scientists in England is named after this biologist.  He wanted to be closer to God by classifying organisms by their characteristics.  His system was very accurate to evolution except when he put plants and fungus in the same kingdom.

George Cuvier

This man was the father of Paleontology but did not believe in evolution (talk about a conflict).  He explained away the conflict with his theory of CATASTROPHISM -different areas went through catastrophes that wiped life off that area, where different organisms moved in

Charles Lyell

Found that the bottom of the Grand Canyon is 2 billion years old, believed things like canyons took a long time to make

Jean Baptist Lamarck

This man was the head curator for the Museum of Natural History in Paris, France.  He proposes transmutation (evolution) and/or one celled organisms evolved into today’s complex organisms.  He explains the mechanism of evolution through acquired characteristics. Lived around Darwin’s grandfather’s time

Thomas Robert Malthus

This man was a demographer and saw the world getting overpopulated.  Darwin was influenced by his work which led to competition being added to natural selection.

Charles Darwin

This man took the Beagle to South America and collected a lot of bugs.  His grandfather taught him about transmutation. Gradualism, wrote *The Origin of Species,*

Alfred Wallace

This person was the first to propose natural selection.  He earned a living sending natural wonders (plants and animals) back to England from around the world.  A geographic line between Australia and Asia is named for this man.

Hardy-Weinberg Theory

Looked at allele frequencies in a population and how they can change - no selection, no mutation, no migration, large population, and random mating were believed to make no evolution happen

Stephen J Gould

This Harvard professor and New Yorker proposed the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium - evolution is not a linear process, there are times where there is rapid evolution, and times where there is kind of an equilibrium. The fossil record seems to follow his theory.

Richard Dawkins

This man wrote the book “God Delusion” and the “Selfish gene”. He grew up in Kenya and is still alive. Linked genes to evolution.

Chordates

humans, cats, dogs, etc

Annelids

worms

Porifera

thought of as the most simple and do not have true tissues (metazoans), assymetrical, ex: sponges

Cniderians

diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm but no mesoderm), 2 true tissues, radial symmetry, have nerves and muscles, ex: jellyfish

eumetazoans

have true tissues

platyhelminthes

flatworms

molluscs

snails

arthropods

lobsters

echinoderms

starfish

infinite population size (gradualism), no mutations, no selection (environmental influences), no sexual selection (inside the species), and no gene flow in or out (migration)

the 5 conditions for a population to be in an equilibrium, they drive evolution if you upset them

Hardy and Weinberg

Developed a **law** which states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. These influences include *mate choice*, *mutation*, *selection*, *genetic drift*, *gene flow* and *meiotic drive*.