Neck and Trunk OIANs

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Sternocleidomastoid O:

Sternal head: superior aspect of manubrium

Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid I:

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Sternocleidomastoid A:

Bilateral: Flexion of head & neck

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation of head and neck

Sternocleidomastoid N:

Spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)

Scalenes

Scalenes O:

Ant. Scalene: transverse processes of C3-C7

Middle Scalene: transverse processes of C2-C7

Posterior Scalene: transverse processes of C5-C7

Scalenes I:

Ant. Scalene: 1st rib

Middle Scalene: 1st rib

Posterior Scalene: external surface of 2nd rib

Scalenes A:

Bilateral: flexion of neck, assist with inspiration by elevating ribs 1&2

Unilateral: lateral flexion

Scalenes N:

ventral rami

Rectus Abdominis

Rectus Abdominis O:

crest of pubis

Rectus Abdominis I:

Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5-7

Rectus Abdominis A:

Flexion of the trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, increases intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure

Rectus Abdominis N:

intercostal

External Oblique

External Oblique O:

Lateral side of ribs 4-12

External Oblique I:

Iliac crest and linea alba

External Oblique A:

Bilateral: Flexion of the trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, increased intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressure

Unilateral: Rotation of the trunk to the contralateral side, lateral flexion of the trunk

External Oblique N:

intercostal

Internal Oblique

Internal Oblique O:

Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia

Internal Oblique I:

Ribs 9-12, linea alba

Internal Oblique A:

Bilateral: flexion of the trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, increases intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressure

Unilateral: lateral flexion of the trunk, rotation of the trunk to the ipsilateral side

Internal Oblique N:

intercostal

Transverse Abdominis

deepest layer

Transverse Abdominis O:

Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia cartilages of ribs 6-12, and inguinal ligament

Transverse Abdominis I:

linea alba

Transverse Abdominis A:

Increases intra-abdominal pressure, increases tension in thoracolumbar fascia

Transverse Abdominis N:

intercostal

Iliopsoas

Iliopsoas O:

Psoas Major: transverse processes of T12-L5

Iliacus: Iliac fossa

Iliopsoas I:

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Iliopsoas A:

Hip flexion, trunk flexion, anterior pelvic tilt

Iliopsoas N:

femoral

Quadratus Lumborum

Quadratus Lumborum O:

iliac crest

Quadratus Lumborum I:

Transverse processes of L1-L4 and 12th rib

Quadratus Lumborum A:

Bilateral: extension of the lumbar region

Unilateral: lateral flexion of the trunk

Quadratus Lumborum N:

ventral rami

Iliocostalis

Iliocostalis Inferior:

Lumborum: common tendon

Thoracis: angle of ribs 6-12

Cervicis: angle of ribs 3-7

Iliocostalis Superior:

Lumborum: andle of ribs 6-12

Thoracis: angle of ribs 1-6

Cervicis: transverse processes of C4-C6

Iliocostalis A:

Bilateral: extension

Unilateral: lateral flexion

Iliocostalis N:

Dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerve

Longissimus

Longissimus Inferior:

Thoracis: common tendon

Cervicis: transverse processes of T1-T4

Capitis: Transverse processes of T1-T5 and near facet joints C3-C7

Longissimus Superior:

Thoracis: transverse processes of T1- T12

Cervicis: Transverse processes of C2- C6

Capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone

Longissimus A:

Bilateral: extension

Unilateral: lateral flexion

Longissimus N:

Dorsal rami of adjacent spinal n.

Spinalis

Spinalis Inferior:

Thoracis: common tendon

Cervicis: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C7-T1

Capitis: Blends with semispinalis capitis

Spinalis Superior:

Thoracis: Spinous processes of T1-T6

Cervicis: Spinous process of C2

Capitis: Blends with semispinalis capitis

Spinalis A:

Bilateral: extension

Spinalis N:

Dorsal rami of adjacent spinal n.

Semispinalis muscles A:

extend the thoracic spinal region

Multifidus

Multifidus O:

back of sacrum, fascia covering erector spinae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae

Multifidus I:

spines of all vertebrae from L5 to axis

Multifidus A:

extension, rotation, side flexion

Multifidus N:

posterior primary rami of adjacent spinal nerves

Rotatores

Rotatores O:

adjacent to transverse process

Rotatores I:

Lamina of vertebra above

Rotatores A:

extension and lateral flexion; can cause rotation in thoracic region only

Rotatores N:

adjacent posterior primary rami nerves

Interspinales

Interspinales O:

superior surface of all spinous processes

Interspinales I:

inferior surface of spinous process of vertebrae superior to the one of origin

Interspinales A:

weakly extends vertebral column (together)

Intertransversarii

Intertransversarii O:

adjacent transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

Intertransversarii I:

adjacent transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

Intertransversarii A:

stabilizing adjacent vertebral segments; ipsilateral side flexion

Intertransversarii N:

Lateral slips: anterior primary rami of adjacent spinal nerves

Medial slips: Posterior primary rami of adjacent nerves

Longus Colli A:

Flexes neck

Longus Capitis A:

flex head

Rectus Capitis Anterior A:

flexes head

Rectus Capitis Lateralis A:

laterally bends head

Cervical Anterior Superficial compartment

SCM, scalenes

Cervical Anterior Deep compartment

Longus colli and capitis

Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis

Cervical Posterior Superficial compartment

Splenius capitis and cervicis

Erector spinae

Cervical Posterior Deep compartment

Suboccipital muscles (rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior and inferior)

Splenius capitis & cervicis= bilaterally =

extends head and neck

Splenius capitis & cervicis= unilaterally =

rotates and laterally bends the face to same side

Erector Spinae A:

extensors which bring the head back from a flexed position

Suboccipital muscles A:

extend the head and * also lateral bend and rotate to the same side

Anterior Trunk muscles (superficial to deep)

Rectus Abdominis

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transverse Abdominis

Posterior deep Trunk muscles

Transverse spinal muscles

Posterior superficial Trunk muscles

Erector spinae

3 muscles make up the erector spinae

Spinalis (medially)

Longissimus (intermediate)

iliocostalis (laterally)

Erector Spinae Spinalis attaches

spinous process to spinous process

Erector Spinae Spinalis A:

extension

Erector Spinae Longissimus attaches

transverse process to transverse process

Erector Spinae Longissimus A:

extension(with bilateral contraction) and lateral bending (unilateral)

Erector Spinae iliocostalis attaches

transverse process to rib or rib to rib

Erector Spinae iliocostalis A:

extension (bi) and lateral bending (uni)

3 muscles make up the Transverse Spinal Group:

semispinalis (superficial)

multifidus (intermediate)

rotatores (deep)

Transverse spinal group attach

from transverse to spinous process

Transverse Spinal group A:

extension and rotation to the opposite side