Foundations Final Exam

“The _____ is the kind of good which does not admit use and cannot be treated as an object of use and as such the means to an end.”

person

“The person is the kind of good which ____________ admit of use and cannot be treated as an object of use and as such the means to an end.”

does not

“The person is the kind of good which does not admit of use and cannot be treated as an _______ and as such the means to an end.”

object of use

“The person is the kind of good which does not admit of use and cannot be treated as an object of use and as such the means to an end.”

Wojtyla, *Love and Responsibility*

“The ______ is a good towards which the only proper and adequate attitude is love.”

person

“The person is a ____ towards which the only proper and adequate attitude is love.”

good

“The person is a good towards which the only proper and adequate attitude is ____.”

love

“The person is a good towards which the only proper and adequate attitude is love.”

Wojtyla, *Love and Responsibility*

“_________ … the science of the soul, endeavors to lay bare the structure and the foundation of man’s inner life… The most significant characteristics of that inner life are the sense of truth and the sense of freedom.”

Psychology

“Psychology…the ___ __ ___ ___, endeavors to lay bare the structure and the foundation of man’s inner life…The most significant characteristics of that inner life are the sense of truth and the sense of freedom.”

science of the soul

“Psychology…the science of the soul, endeavors to lay bare the structure and the foundation of man’s inner life…The most significant characteristics of that inner life are the sense of ___ and the sense of freedom.”

truth

“Psychology…the science of the soul, endeavors to lay bare the structure and the foundation of man’s inner life…The most significant characteristics of that inner life are the sense of truth and the sense of _____.”

freedom

“Psychology…the science of the soul, endeavors to lay bare the structure and the foundation of man’s inner life…The most significant characteristics of that inner life are the sense of truth and the sense of freedom.”

Wojtyla, *Love and Responsibility*

“From what man is as a ____, that is, a being that possesses itself and governs itself, follows that he can ‘give himself,’ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

person

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that _____ ______ and governs itself, follows that he can ‘give himself,"‘ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

possesses itself

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that possesses itself and _______ ______, follows that he can ‘give himself,’ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

governs itself

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that possesses itself and governs itself, follows that he can ‘______ ______,’ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

give himself

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that possesses itself and governs itself, follows that he can ‘give himself,’ he can make himself a _____ for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

gift

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that possesses itself and governs itself, follows that he can ‘give himself,’ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘_____ __ *____ _____’* is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

law of the gift

“From what man is as a person, that is, a being that possesses itself and governs itself, follows that he can ‘give himself,’ he can make himself a gift for others, without thereby violating his ontic status. The ‘law of the gift’ is inscribed, so to speak, in the very being of the person.”

Wojtyla, *On the Meaning of Spousal Love*

“A _____, even an unborn child, cannot be denied personality in its most objective ontological sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it psychologically and ethically a distinct personality.”

child

“A child, even an unborn child, cannot be denied ________ in its most objective ontological sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it psychologically and ethically a distinct personality.”

personality

“A child, even an unborn child, cannot be denied personality in its most objective _________ sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it psychologically and ethically a distinct personality.”

ontological

“A child, even an unborn child, cannot be denied personality in its most objective ontological sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it __________ and ethically a distinct personality.”

psychologically

“A child, even an unborn child, cannot be denied personality in its most objective ontological sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it psychologically and __________ a distinct personality.”

ethically

“A child, even an unborn child, cannot be denied personality in its most objective ontological sense, although it is true that it has yet to acquire, step by step, many of the traits which will make it psychologically and ethically a distinct personality.”

Wojtyla, *Love and Responsibility*

Body vs. _______

Mind

______ vs. Mind

Body

Determinism vs. _________

Voluntarism

Irrational vs. _________

Rational

Amoral vs. _________

Moral

___________ vs. Rational

Irrational

__________ vs Moral

Amoral

Nature vs. ______________

Nurture

___________ vs. Nurture

Nature

Retrospective vs. _____________

Prospective

____________ vs. Prospective

Retrospective

Nonentity vs. ______________

Identity

____________ vs. Identity

Nonentity

Suffering vs. ____________

Flourishing

______________ vs. Flourishing

Suffering

What is the description of Rychlak’s __**Structure**__ Aspect?

* structure, essence, nature
* aspects, capacities
* parts/whole

What is the summary of Rychlak’s __**Structure**__ Aspect?

What is our nature?

What is the description of Rychlak’s __**Motivation**__ Aspect?

* motives
* instincts, drives, desires
* needs, meanings, callings

What is the summary of Rychlak’s __**Motivation**__ Aspect?

Why do we act?

What is the description of Rychlak’s __**Development**__ Aspect?

* aspects
* ages, stages, tasks
* contexts, influences

What is the summary of Rychlak’s __**Development**__ Aspect?

When/how do we change?

What is the description of Rychlak’s __**Personality**__ Aspect?

* individuality, types/styles
* temperament, personality, character

What is the summary of Rychlak’s __**Personality**__ Aspect?

Who do we become?

What is the Discipline of Faith (Ways of Knowing)?

Theology

What is the content of Faith (Ways of Knowing)?

Revelation

What is the method of Faith (Ways of Knowing)?

Prayer; Hermeneutics

What is the goal of Faith (Ways of Knowing)?

Communion

What is the discipline of Reason (Ways of Knowing)?

Philosophy

What is the content of reason (Ways of Knowing)?

Metaphysics; Ethics

What is the method of reason (Ways of Knowing)?

Logic; Dialectic

What is the goal of reason (ways of knowing)?

Truth; Goodness

What is the discipline of Natural Science (ways of knowing)?

Biology

What is the content of natural science (ways of knowing)?

Behavior

What is the method of natural science (ways of knowing)?

Scientific (Experiment)

What is the goal of Natural Science (Ways of Knowing)?

Prediction/Control (Causation)

What is the discipline of Human Science (ways of knowing)?

Psychology (Properly Understood)

What is the content of Human Science (Ways of Knowing)?

Experience

What is the method of Human Science (Ways of Knowing)?

Phenomenological (Description)

What is the goal of Human Science (Ways of Knowing)?

Understanding (Structure)

Three Broad Currents in American Psychology

* Behaviorism
* Freudian
* Phenomenological

Define Behaviorism Current

* objective
* experimental
* impersonal
* logical-positivistic
* operational
* laboratory

Define Freudian Current

* neo-Freudian
* psychoanalytic
* psychology of the unconscious
* instinctual
* ego-psychology
* id-psychology
* dynamic psychology

Define Phenomenological Current

* existential
* self-theory
* self-actualization
* health-and-growth psychology
* being and becoming
* science of inner experience

Freud

instinct

Freud: I…., therefore I am.

“I desire, therefore I am”

Skinner

behavior

Skinner: I…therefore I am.

I move, therefore I am.

Rogers

emotion

Rogers: I…, therefore I am.

I feel, therefore I am.

Descartes

thought

Descartes: I…, therefore I am

I think, therefore I am.

Frankl

will

Frankl: I…, therefore I am.

I choose, therefore I am.

Wojtyla

love

Wojtyla: I…, therefore I am.

I love, therefore I am.

Viennese Schools of Psychotherapy

* Freudian Psychoanalysis
* Adlerian Psychology
* Frankl’s Logotherapy
* Wojtyla’s Personalist Psychology

Freudian Psychoanalysis “will to ___ “ (___ _____)

“will to pleasure” (pleasure principle)

Alderian Psychology “will to ______” (_____________________)

“will to power” (striving for superiority)

Frankl’s Logotherapy "will to _____" (______ ___ _______)

“will to meaning” (search for meaning)

Wojtyla’s Personalist Psychology "will to ____" (____________ _________)

“will to love” (personalistic principle)

Psychoanalysis - Time Focus

Retrospective

Psychoanalysis - Self Focus

Introspective

Psychoanalysis - Primary Motivation

Sex and aggression (gratification)

Psychoanalysis - Cause of Neurosis

Hidden inner conflicts

Psychoanalysis - Mental Health

Equilibrium (homeostasis)

Psychoanalysis - Therapy

Consciousness of instinctual facts

Logotherapy - Time Focus

Future focus

Logotherapy - Self Focus

Defocuses self-centeredness

Logotherapy - Primary Motivation

Search for meaning (fulfilling)

Logotherapy - Cause of Neurosis

Human existential problems

Logotherapy - Mental Health

Tension (striving/struggling for a freely chosen task)

Logotherapy - Therapy

Awareness of existential realities, meaning of life

Catholic Advantages - Theological Issue:

“The explicit, readily available official Catholic theology”

“The explicit, readily available official ________ ________”

“The explicit, readily available official Catholic theology”