APUSH UC SCOUT midterm sem 1

Match the correct historical figure to his or her historical actions:

John Winthrop: governor of Massachusetts chosen by the Massachusetts Bay Company who envisioned building a Puritan community that would stand out as a "city on a hill" that would morally inspire the rest of the world

3 multiple choice options

Which description below best defines the term “indentured servant” in the context of the American colonies.

A person who signed a contract committing himself to a limited term of service in exchange for a paid passage to the colonies along with compensation and land after the term of service was faithfully completed

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following was NOT true regarding the Puritans of New England?

They allowed women to participate fully in spiritual and political life

3 multiple choice options

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas decree in 1494?

That Spanish settlement and Portuguese settlement would be divided vertically down the Americas, leaving Portugal control of lands in Brazil along the South American continent's east coast along with the Atlantic Cape Verde Islands

3 multiple choice options

This hawkish British political leader was the chief architect of British military policy during the French and Indian War, leading to decisive English victories. **Strained relations due to increased taxation and stricter colonial control.**

William Pitt

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following was TRUE about the province of Quebec in the early 18th century as conflicts between the English and French over control of North America began to erupt?

Settlement was limited to Catholics, and farmland was granted only to a select few

3 multiple choice options

Which of the definitions below best describes the term “deism?”

The belief in a god that created the universe and allowed free will to dictate the course of human beings and their societies

3 multiple choice options

The First Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s was theologically influenced by:

The German Pietist movement

3 multiple choice options

Which of the descriptions below best defines the “Halfway Covenant” introduced by the Puritan churches in 1662?

The Puritan agreement to baptize children of baptized adults, giving young people partial membership in the Puritan church before they were old enough to express their own spiritual experience of committing to Jesus Christ

3 multiple choice options

_________ communities were settlements of escaped slaves who often settled in the backwoods of Georgia and Florida, sometimes joining forces with the Seminole Indians.

Maroon

3 multiple choice options

Match the correct historical figure to his respective historical role.

Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical last Dutch governor of New Netherlands who was ousted from power in 1664 with the English takeover of the colony

3 multiple choice options

What is the origin of the word "America?"

The word 'America' originates from the Latin version of the name of the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Spain’s reconquista (1491)

prompted desire to explore outwards into Atlantic; Spanish explorers and conquerors who sought wealth, power, and territory in the New World during the 16th century.

What disease killed many Amerindians during the Spanish conquest?

Smallpox, along with other diseases brought by Europeans, such as measles and influenza.

Know key Amerindian civilizations: Aztec, Maya, Inca

Prominent indigenous civilizations in the Americas located in central Mexico, Mesoamerica, and the Andean region of South America.

Why did European powers want to find an alternate passage to Asia?

Due to the Ottoman Empire's blocking off of trade in the eastern Mediterranean.

Definition of Huguenots

French Protestants; French Huguenots settled in St. Augustine, Florida- later kicked out by the Spanish

Definition of cash crop

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower( Tobacco )

The British government tried to control trade in the American colonies by preventing colonists from trading openly with other European empires and territories in order to keep wealth concentrated within Britain and the British colonies. These restrictions were in line with the economic philosophy of:

Mercantilism

3 multiple choice options

John Rolfe advocated for the growth of this cash crop in and around the settlement of Jamestown, and it eventually became the dominant cash crop in the colony of Virginia.

Tobacco

3 multiple choice options

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu were both:

French Enlightenment-era political philosophers whose beliefs about government inspired pro-independence American colonial leaders

3 multiple choice options

Who is John Locke?

Philosopher who believed in natural rights and government by consent.

Which European group dominated the colony?

Quaker-led Pennsylvania (german)

After 1763, the British government began imposing additional taxes on its American colonists largely because:

After the French and Indian War, the British felt that their American colonists should shoulder some of the debt burdens from that conflict

3 multiple choice options

French and Indian War (1754-1763); What was the outcome?

British victory and France ceding North American territories to Britain

Proclamation of 1763

British royal proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense

The rallying cry phrase “taxation without representation” was first coined coined by this Boston lawyer in his 1764 publication The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved.

James Otis

3 multiple choice options

Abigail Adams and Judith Sargent Murray became known during the revolutionary war period for:

Their writings calling for political equality for women in the new American nation

3 multiple choice options

Define ultimatum

a final, uncompromising demand or set of terms

Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition (August of 1775)

Aimed to suppress rebellion and quell the growing resistance in the American colonies and declared the colonies to be in a state of open rebellion

This British military settlement was a key focal point during the Battle of Saratoga Springs, as Patriot troops faced off against British leaders General Burgoyne and Colonel Barry St. Leger.

Fort Ticonderoga

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following groups of people were active on the Loyalist side during the American Revolutionary War?

Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment

3 multiple choice options

After the devastating winter at Valley Forge, what happened that boosted the prospects of the surviving members of Washington's Continental Army forces?

Baron Von Steuben's arrival in the region provided much needed professional military training to what had initially been a poorly trained fighting force

3 multiple choice options

This famed leader of English-speaking settlers into the Kentucky territory joined the Patriot cause and fought against the pro-British Shawnee tribe in the hinterlands of Kentucky as Lord Dunmore's War progressed.

Daniel Boone

3 multiple choice options

Select term and definition below that are correctly matched:

Philipsburg Proclamation: promised freedom to black slaves who joined the loyalist cause on behalf of the British

3 multiple choice options

Battle of Yorktown (1781)/Treaty of Paris (1783)

Decisive victory for the revolutionaries, in which US forces surrounded cornwalle's fort.Peace treaty that officially ended the American Revolutionary War.

The Articles of Confederation allowed the federal (or national) government led by the Confederation Congress to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Organize a national judicial (court) system

3 multiple choice options

Issues with the Articles of Confederation

1) Too much power to states

2) Not enough power to the federal government*

a. Can't start wars

b. Can't raise taxes

Which of the following was NOT an issue during the 1780s land ordinances?

Treaties with Spain regarding American expansion into the Appalachian mountain region

3 multiple choice options

Federalists and Anti-Federalists

The Federalists advocated for the ratification of the Constitution and the establishment of a strong central government.The Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the Constitution in its original form and raised concerns about potential threats to individual rights and state sovereignty.

The process by which the different states approved the US Constitution of 1788-1789 was known as:

Ratification

3 multiple choice options

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

The “Great Compromise” that came into effect with the final version of the US Constitution included all of the following EXCEPT:

A provision allowing married women who owned property to vote in federal elections

3 multiple choice options

Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)He warned Americans against what TWO barriers to national development?

Washington's Farewell Address (1796) warned Americans against the barriers of sectionalism, which could divide the nation based on regional loyalties, and the dangers of political parties, which could undermine unity and lead to partisan conflicts.

This act, passed under President John Adams, was believed by the Republicans to be a breach of the constitutionally-guaranteed rights of free speech and freedom of the press.

The Sedition Act

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following were examples of individual states taking action to refute laws passed by the federal government as unconstitutional?

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

3 multiple choice options

This action by outgoing president John Adams in 1800-1801 led to a famous court case that would be decided in 1803, and affirm the American Supreme Court’s power of judicial review.

The appointment of a number of federal judges

3 multiple choice options

Judicial review

The power of a court to interpret the legitimacy of a law or practice

This prominent Supreme Court Justice established himself as an American judicial leader by 1803, and his decisions affirmed the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review.

John Marshall

3 multiple choice options

Alexander Hamilton’s intense hatred of this New York politician led to him choosing to favor Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800.

Aaron Burr

3 multiple choice options

All of the following were decisions undertaken by Thomas Jefferson as president EXCEPT:

The dismantling of the First Bank of the United States through an executive order

3 multiple choice options

The successive presidencies of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe between 1801 and 1825 became known as the:

Virginia Dynasty

3 multiple choice options

The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

The Treaty of Greenville (1795)

The Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) was a decisive victory for the United States over a confederation of Native American tribes, marking the end of Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory.

The Treaty of Greenville (1795) was a peace treaty between the United States and several Native American tribes, resulting in the cession of Native American land in the Northwest Territory to the US government.

The Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) was a conflict between the United States and a Native American confederacy led by Shawnee leader Tecumseh, resulting in a US victory and weakening Native American resistance in the Indiana Territory.

All of the following pertain to conflicts between the US government and Native Americans EXCEPT:

The Battle of New Orleans

3 multiple choice options

John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay were both known for:

Being "war hawks" in favor of declaring war on Britain in 1812

3 multiple choice options

Which pairing correctly matches the location to its most accurate description?

Saint Domingue: French-controlled colony in the Caribbean that broke out into a slave revolt in 1791

3 multiple choice options

This French foreign minister was involved in the XYZ Affair, and later played a role in brokering the Louisiana Purchase.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

3 multiple choice options

John Jay’s primary foreign relations achievement in the 1790s was:

Pinckney's Treaty (aka the Treaty of San Lorenzo), which persuaded the Spanish to grant the Americans trading rights along the Mississippi River down to the city of New Orleans

3 multiple choice options

The Barbary States**

North African city states associated with the Ottoman Empire, including Tripoli, Derna, and others. These states sponsored corsairs, or pirates, who raided European and American ships in the Mediterranean.