History Quiz on Latin American Revolutions, Industrial Revolution

Who were the former colonial rulers of Central America?

Before the Latin American Revolutions of the early 1800s, Central America was primarily ruled by Spain. But, the British had a minor impact on what is now known as Belize.

Who were the former colonial rulers of South America?

Before the Latin American Revolutions, South America was ruled by several European colonial powers.
- Spain
- Netherlands (Dutch)
- Portugal
- France
- British

What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

• The Agricultural Revolution - new farming developments, efficient crop gathering → cheaper food prices, More food → increased population

• Best banking system in the world → Banking system gave loans to build factories

• Natural resources → accessibility of coal & iron, rivers and nearby harbors made transportation easier

• Patent laws → motivated people to invent for profits, protected inventors from someone stealing their invention/ideas

• British empire → Britain sold goods & got cheap natural resources

• Stable economy & politics → no wars/revolutions stabilized Britain which made it great for business and new ideas

What was the British East India Company (BEIC)?

• The British East India Company was a trading company. It ended in 1857 after the Indian Rebellion broke out.

• It traded goods; silk, spices, cotton, and tea

• It had its own army, collected taxes, and enforced laws

Textile Industry

The textile industry is the industry that makes cloth and fabric from raw materials and turns them into clothing and other woven goods.

Major inventions from IR in textile industry

Spinning Jenny

Could spin 8 threads at one time.

Water Frame
Used water power from fast moving streams to power spinning jenny’s & other machines. Water power replaced muscle power.

Urbanization

• growth of cities

• Cities grew around the factories.

• British population kept exponentially growing so more cities came about

Who invented the steam engine?

James Watt

What did steam engines do?

Allowed factories to be built away from rivers because water power was not needed. Steam engines later put on wheels & boats.

Locomotive

first railroad line 1830

Who invented the steamboat?

Robert Fulton

What did low transportation costs lead to?

Low transportation costs led to cheaper goods.

What is a steamboat?

A steamboat is a vessel powered by a steam engine.

Who founded “puddling & rolling” which purified iron?

Henry Cort

What is steel? How did it help?

Steel is purified iron. It was harder and more flexible than just iron (which was used to build many things) so it made constructions better and more durable.

What did purified iron do?

Made cheaper and better iron and gave Britain the title of the largest iron industry in world.

What were the results of the IR?

• Small towns were not ready for huge numbers of new people and couldn’t accommodate for them (had no sewage, police/fire departments, sanitation, etc.)

• Disease & fires spread quickly in overcrowded cities.

• Government changed the bad living conditions → enforced sanitation, fire, police, garbage collection, water and transportation departments

• Changed working conditions → start of IR: 70-80 hours work weeks, child labor, underpayment → end of IR: government made laws to protect workers (more time for leisure, reduced burnout)

• Middle Class emerged → no longer being only wealthy or poor, “happy” medium

• Increased standard of living → the IR led to better diets, education, cheaper goods, and higher wages

What is an aristocrat?

A member of the aristocracy (being part of the small group of very wealthy people

Factors leading to the development to the Development of the Latin Revolution

• Influenced by American & French Revolutions

• Enlightenment ideals spread to Latin America

• Spanish power is declining in Europe

• Haiti is a slave colony of the French and want to be independent

Effected of the Latin American Revolutions

• The goal: Popular Sovereignty (the principle that a government's power comes from its people)

• Social Hierarchy remains

• Many people die while fighting for independence

• Continued efforts to achieve stable government and gain economic dependence

• Civil wars break out