GE11 Midterms - Topic 2

Environmental Risk Assessment Stages

1) Hazard Assessment

2) Risk Analysis

3) Risk Evaluation

4) Risk Control

Environmental Risk Assessment Stage 1

Hazard Identification

Environmental Risk Assessment Stage 2

Risk Analysis

Environmental Risk Assessment Stage 3

Risk Evaluation

Environmental Risk Assessment Stage 4

Risk Control

review key research to identify any potential health problems that a chemical can cause

Hazard Identification

Determine the amount, duration, and pattern of exposure to the chemical

Risk Analysis

Estumate how much of the chemical it would take to cause varying degrees of health effects that could lead to illnesses

Risk Evaluation

Assess the risk for the chemical to cause cancer or other illnesses in the general population

Risk Control

Seeks to determine what environmental risks exist and then determine how to manage those risk in a way best suited to protect human health and the environment

Environmental Risk Management

Levels of Prevention

1) Primordial Prevention

2) Primary Prevention

3) Secondary Prevention

4) Tertiary Prevention

This aims to avoid the emergence and

establishment of the social, economic and

cultural patterns of living that are known to

contribute to an elevated risk of the disease

Primordial prevention

It inhibits people from becoming high risk to prevent from developing themselves to high risk factor

Primordial Prevention

e.g. legislations, guidelines, and healthy policy formulations

Primordial Prevention

It is the protection of health by personal and communal efforts to prevent involvement of the stage of susceptibility

Primary Prevention

It aims to prevent disease occurrence by

changing the susceptibility or reducing

exposure for susceptible individuals

Primary Prevention

e.g. (1) General Health Education and

Promotion (2) Utilization of Health Services

(3) Media Campaign (4) Provision of

Warning and Labels (5) Specific Protective Measures like Immunization

Primary Prevention

This aims to reduce/slow the disease

progression (early stages of the disease, i.e. pre-clinical and clinical stages), to prevent complications or to reverse communicability

Secondary Prevention

This involves curing the disease at the

earliest possible stage and having

assumptions that pathologic conditions brought about by the agent can be reversed

Secondary Prevention

e.g. (1) Early Detection through Screening either Clinical or Diagnostic and; (2) Prompt Treatsment.

Secondary Prevention

This aims at reducing long time dysfunction and impairment or to prolong life

Tertiary Prevention

This involves curing the disease at the

earliest possible stage and having

assumptions that pathologic conditions brought about by the agent can be reversed.

Tertiary Prevention

e.g. (1) Disability limitation through

Physiotherapy; (2) Rehabilitating patients to

have Self-sufficient role in the society or; (3)

Periodic follow-ups to prevent relapses of the infection.

Tertiary Prevention

processes that the body do with the environmental hazard

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

does the body take up the environmental hazard

Absorption

does the environmental hazard travel throughout the body or does it stay in one place

Distribution

does the body break down the environmental hazard

Metabolism

how does the body get rid of it

Excretion