9. ANOVA and Chi-Squared Tests

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the lecture notes on ANOVA and Chi-Squared tests.

ANOVA

ANalysis Of VAriance; a parametric test used to detect statistically significant differences between more than two groups.

Homoscedasticity

The assumption that all groups have equal variance (σ²) in ANOVA.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

A value derived from the number of groups minus one, used in hypothesis testing.

F-ratio

The test statistic used in ANOVA that compares the variance between groups to the variance within groups.

Chi-Squared Test (χ²)

A non-parametric test that determines whether a relationship exists between categorical variables.

Goodness of Fit Test

A type of Chi-Squared test used to determine if observed data matches expected data.

Test for Independence

A Chi-Squared test that investigates associations between two categorical variables.

Cramer’s V

A measure of association for nominal variables, used for N by N tables in Chi-Squared tests.

Phi (ф)

A measure of association for 2x2 tables in Chi-Squared tests that indicates the strength of a relationship.

Sum of Squares (SS)

The total variation in ANOVA, broken down into total, between-group, and within-group sums.