Ethos, Logos, Pathos

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Use of facts, statistics, data

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Use of illustrative examples

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Expert Testimony

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

If, then statements

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Definitions of terms

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Logical explanation of ideas

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Cause and effect reasoning

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Inductive and deductive reasoning

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Objective reporting (just the facts)

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Appeal to philosophy

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Historical allusions/historical evidence

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Rhetorical questions

Appeal to Logic (Logos)

Concession and refutation

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Drawing from spirituality or religious beliefs

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Use of stories (anecdotes; narratives)

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Personal connections; relating to the audience

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Appealing to shared values and beliefs

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Imagery

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Figurative language

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Connotative diction

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Powerful images

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Subjective reporting (opinionated)

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Call to action

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Humor

Appeal to emotion (Pathos)

Tone

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Automatic credibility vs establishing credibility

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Use and citation of credible sources

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Speaker’s experiences, background, credentials/education

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Appropriate language/tone for audience and occasion

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Deep knowledge of audience and context of situation

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Link to credible websites/resources where more information can be found

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Links to credible websites

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Good character (moral, ethical)

Appeal to ethics/credibility (Ethos)

Trustworthy person, company/organization