ALPHA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

(Streptococcus pneumoniae) (capsule) (ANTI-PHAGOCYTIC) (ANTI-

COMPLIMENTARY)

• A diplococcus organism (two cocci organisms attached to

each other).

• Its morphology is coffee bean/kidney bean shape.

• It is capsulated, the diplococcus is surrounded by an unstained

area called (_______).

o The virulence mechanism of capsule as a bacterial

structure is (____________) AND (______________) so that means the organism is

not destroyed by the phagocytes and the

complement system.

o It survives inside the body and has the potential to

cause infection to the human host

Streptococcus viridans/Viridans

streptococci

• Also, diplococcus

• it does not have any CAPSULE.

o Staining the capsule of the microorganism will also

positively identify that the unknown

diplococci/unknown alpha- hemolytic streptococci is

of Streptococcus

(Pneumoniae)

between the two, Streptococcus (__________) is the capsulated

streptococcus.

PLEOMORPHIC

• The arrangement of Streptococcus viridans can be

(___________) under the microscope. It is very important

for the source of the specimen to be reported so that the

laboratory will know how to undergo the investigation of the

alpha-hemolytic streptococci

(hemolytic pattern) (ALPHA-HEMOLYSIS) (greenish brown)

PRESUMPTIVE TESTS

• The (______________)

of Streptococcus pneumoniae and

Streptococcus viridans is (____________) which is the

incomplete destruction of the RBCs and that will cause

(______________) discoloration to the blood agar medium

brought about by the oxidation of the hemoglobin molecule

or the formation of methemoglobin in the blood agar

medium.

(Hiss Capsular Staining) (Anthony’s method) (Plasma) (heat fix the

entire smear)

B. (________________)

• A modification of (_______________).

• In this test, make a smear out from the sample received in the

laboratory and the sample is already suspected of having an

alpha-hemolytic streptococci organism using a clean glass slide

but instead of adding NSS in making the bacterial smear,

(________) is used in making the smear.

(3) (______) is used to cause swelling of the capsule of the

organism. After a smear was made using (3) (__________) as the

reagent, it is allowed to air dry it and do not (__________) cause

shrinkage of the capsule which causes difficulty in the

identification of the capsule in this staining technique.

(Carbol Fuchsin) (wash the entire bacteria) (20% copper sulfate) (+) (pneumoniae)

Hiss Capsular Staining Proper

1) Primary stain: (__________)

2) Heat the antibacterial smear to steaming for 5 minutes

and then we do not (_______________) smear

because it might shrink the capsule

3) Decolorizer: (___________) for 5 minutes and

allow the entire bacterial smear to air dry and check under

the microscope for the appearance of diplococcus

organisms surrounded by an unstained area which is

capsule.

4) (____) - diplococcus surrounded by an unstained area

(capsule of the organism), presumptively identifies (__________)

(Optochin Sensitivity Test) ()

C. (____________)

• Differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from

Streptococcus viridans

• although only presumptive because there are other organisms

outside of streptococci family or of alpha-hemolytic that will

also present same result with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

(P disc) (1:4000) (ethylhydrocupreine

hydrochloride) (6mm)

Optochin, otherwise known as (________)

If optochin is not available,

(______) solution of (____________) can be added to a filter paper

and the filter paper is allowed to air dry and cut

the saturated filter paper into paper disks with

(_______) as the thickness.

(susceptible/resistant)

• If there are zone of inhibition around the P disc they are

measured to know if the organism is (________)

(Bile Solubility Test) (sodium deoxycholate) (1 MCFARLAND STANDARD) (AMIDASE) (lysis) (clear)

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

(___________________)

Source of Bile: (_______________)

1) Make a bacterial suspension. The turbidity of the bacterial

suspension used in the bile solubility test should be comparable

to (_____________) to qualify the correct

procedure. Divide the bacterial suspension into 2 test tubes;

one is labeled control and the other is labeled test

2) In the bacterial suspension label test, 5-10 drops (2) (___________) is added. The bacterial suspension labeled

control is not treated with any reagent.

3) After 5-10 mins of adding the sodium deoxycholate to the test

tube labelled control, check for the clearing of turbidity/lysis of

the organism in the test tube.

4) Streptococcus pneumoniae organism has an autolytic

enzyme (autolysis) inside called (__________). That autolytic

enzyme gets stimulated if there is bile in the surrounding.

5) If the bacterial suspension are tested (already turbid) is added

with bile salt sodium deoxycholate and the organism in that

bacterial suspension is Streptococcus pneumoniae, the

autolytic enzyme in the organism amides gets stimulated and

the amides will cause (______) of the Streptococcus pneumoniae in

the bacterial suspension so that after a few minutes, from

turbid appearance it will become (______).

(Morphology) (Streptococcus pneumoniae)

(Morphology) (Streptococcus viridans/ Viridans

streptococci)

(Optochin Susceptibility Test) (Streptococcus pneumoniae)

(Optochin Susceptibility Test) (Streptococcus viridans/ Viridans streptococci)

(Bile Solubility Test) (Streptococcus pneumoniae)

(Bile Solubility Test) (Streptococcus viridans/ Viridans

streptococci)