Studied by 6 peopleWater budge
Amount of water available. 97% saltwater, 2.6% freshwater
Aquifers
big water reservoirs underground
Turnover time
Time it takes for a water molecule to enter and leave a water system
Storage
Temporary location of water
Flow
Movement or change of water on a storage
Hydrological cycle process
Evaporation, advection, condensation, precipitation, interception, surface run-off, infiltration, percolation, groundwater, transpiration, evapotranspiration, sublimation
Types of human impact to the hydrological cycle
Industry, urbanization, agriculture and deforestation
Irrigation
Addition of water to places where it is insufficient for crops to grow
Water stress
When the water demand is higher than the amount of water available for use
Ocean conveyor belt
Global cycle of circulation of water currents
Upwelling
Cold water moves towards shores while warm water flows away from them
Salinity effect on water
While cold water holds more salt and rises, warm water holds less of it and sinks
ENSO
El NiƱo southern oscilation effect
El NiƱo
Warmer phase of ENSO, climate in the east is warmes while in the west is colder
La NiƱa
Colder phase of ENSO, complete opposite to El NiƱo
Water scarcity
demand for water exceeds its availability
Economic water scarcity
When there are not enough economic resources to access water
Physical water scarcity
When there is no physical access to water
Biggest water uses (6)
Agriculture, industry, domestic, hydroelectric power, transport and international borders
Desertification
When the land becomes dryer and sandier, not just desert
Causes of unequal access to water
Climate change, different precipitation patterns, high living standards, different costs of water, conflict, pollution, increase in population, different access to technology, inequality, etc.
Examples of water wars
US & Mex. (Colorado River). Syria, Iraq & Turkey (Tigris & Euphrates rivers). 5 Middle East countries (Jordan River), 11 African countries (Nile River), etc
Dip irrigation
Plastic tubes used in crops to water directly the roots of the plants
Rainfall harvesting
Collect rainfall water when it runs off in a surface, then stored and reused
Water desalinization
Remove the salt concentrations in oceanic water and convert it to freshwater in water plants
Water redistribution
Water moved from places with more water to places with less water
Reservoirs
Build storages for freshwater
Artificial recharge of aquifers
Replenish water in underground aquifers through human-controlled methods
Grey water recycling
Collect used water and reuse it for another purpose
Note
Flashcard