DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

These flashcards cover key concepts related to DNA structure, function, replication, transcription, and translation.

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

A double helix.

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

In the nucleus.

What are the three main functions of DNA?

Stores genetic information, replicates itself, and puts genetic information to work in protein synthesis.

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

What does DNA Helicase do during DNA replication?

Unzips the DNA (cuts it in half).

What does DNA Polymerase do?

Connects the new bases to the old strand.

What is produced during transcription?

mRNA (messenger RNA).

Where does transcription occur?

In the nucleus.

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar.

What are the nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

What are the nitrogen bases present in RNA?

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

What are the three types of RNA?

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

What is the process of translation?

Translating a sequence of mRNA codons to a sequence of amino acids.

What stops the translation process?

A stop codon.

What forms when amino acids are chained together?

A protein.