Demographic Transition and Health Transition Theories

These flashcards cover key concepts related to demographic transition, health theories, climate change, and related socioeconomic impacts.

Demographic Transition Theory

The theory that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops.

Epidemiological Transition Theory

A theory summarizing the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality in populations, originally proposed by Omran in 1971.

Health Transition Theory

A framework that examines how health patterns change over time, particularly in relation to social and behavioral determinants.

Pestilence and Famine Stage

The first stage of the epidemiological transition marked by high mortality and low life expectancy.

Receding Pandemic Stage

The second stage of the epidemiological transition characterized by decreasing mortality rates and increasing life expectancy.

Degenerative and Man-made Diseases Stage

The third stage of the epidemiological transition where non-communicable diseases become more prevalent and mortality levels stabilize.

Cardiovascular Revolution

The significant reduction in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, contributing to increased life expectancy since the 1970s.

Health Expectancy

A measure that combines life expectancy with information about the health of individuals, indicating years lived in good health.

Utilization of Health Resources

A clinical approach focused on assessing the quality and accessibility of healthcare services and its impact on health outcomes.

Operational Definition of Health

A definition that provides specific criteria for measuring health, crucial for evaluating public health interventions.

Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI)

A simplified measure to evaluate disabilities and limitations in activities across populations.

Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

Basic self-care tasks necessary for independent living, such as bathing, eating, and dressing.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

More complex tasks required for independent living, including managing finances and transportation.

Disability Categories

Different levels of impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities acknowledged in health assessments.

Self-related Health (SRH)

A subjective measure where individuals assess their health status, often linked to actual health outcomes.

Prevalence

The proportion of a population found to have a condition at a specific point in time.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a condition that occur in a population during a specified period.

Cumulative Emissions

The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted over time, contributing significantly to climate change.

Climate Change Adaptation

Adjustments made within natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli to mitigate harm.

Climate Engineering

Large-scale interventions in the Earth's climatic system to counteract climate change.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Technologies designed to capture carbon dioxide emissions from sources such as power plants and store it underground.

Coase Theorem

A theory suggesting that it does not matter who holds property rights, as long as transaction costs are low and bargaining is possible.

Markets for Externalities

Economic instruments aimed at managing external costs associated with market transactions, such as pollution.

Public Goods

Goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, leading to under-provision due to market failures.

Tragedy of the Commons

A phenomenon where individuals acting in their self-interest deplete shared resources.

Integrated Assessment Models (IAM)

Mathematical models that attempt to integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines to examine complex issues like climate change.

Natural Capital

The world's stocks of natural assets, including geology, soil, air, water, and all living things.

Ecosystem Services

The benefits humans derive from ecosystems, including provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services.