Unit 1: Global Tapestry WHAP

why is it WHAP not APWH

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 CE) that could be considered their "golden age" when China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia; paper money, gun powder

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements, represented the variety in religions being created at the time

Sinification

Spread of Chinese Culture

Tibetan Confucianism

a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime. Chanting is emphasized

Deez

Nuts

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; led to increased populations in Song Dynasty China. Originally introduced into Vietnam

Tribute System

A system in which other countries were required to pay money or products in order to respect the Chinese emperor.

used to regulate Chinese relationships with northern nomads, neighboring states of Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, and Japan

Great Canal

connects northern and southern China (linking Yellow and Yangtze River)

Foot Binding

Patriarchy becomes more ingrained, originally done as an illustration of wealth, keeps women from growing fully and stops them from working

Zheng He

greatest admiral in China; He was Muslim and led seven expeditions of huge treasure fleets into the Indian Ocean

Woodblock printing

invented during Tan Dynasty and was first used on textiles then paper

Jurchen

ruled northern China during the Song Dynasty

Seljuk Empire

An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunni Muslims, lasting (1037 to 1194 A.D.)

Sig: the decline/collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate allowed for the Seljuk and other Turkish peoples to emerge and create powerful new political groups

Mamluk Sultanate

in Egypt, it was established and prospered with trade in cotton and sugar and were a threat to Abbasid Empire

House of Wisdom

Large Islamic-based Library and learning center. Focus of conversion of Greek and Roman classics and Indian learning into Arabic. Preserved knowledge.

Battle of Talas (751 CE)

Stopped China from expanding further west, Spread Islam in Central Asia

Battle of Tours (732 CE)

Stopped islamic expansion into Europe

Cordoba

Spain’s Capital during the Abbasids rule

Polygyny

One man with multiple wives

The Thousand and One Nights

Arabian

Viziers

Strong advisers who gained positions over sultans.

Madrasa

These are colleges for Islamic education. A student at one of these would learn all aspects of Islam as well as more secular studies, like math.

Ibn Sina

well known Muslim philosopher and scientist; wrote Canon of Medicine that set the standards for medical practice

Rumi

a poet and mystic who lived during the Seljuk period; practiced and helped develop Sufism

Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)

A Muslim historian; well known for his historical accounts; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations-strong, weak, dissolute.

Delhi Sultanate (1206-526)

turkish-warrioir group that ruled much of northern India; a center of Islamic learning, and numerous madrasas and other educational institutions were established throughout the empire.

Khmer/Angkor Empire

a Hindu-Buddhist state in Southeast Asia, now Cambodia; economy based on agriculture (built excellent irrigation systems and waterways) and exports of goods (spies and stones)

Bhakti movement

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity; started in Southern India; resembled Sufi muslims and rely on ancient teachings regarding significance of emotion in spiritual life

Buddhist monasticism

A movement in Buddhism that sought to establish monasteries where monks could practice their faith; full devotion to spiritual work

Angkor Wat

a huge Hindu temple that is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu; located in Southeast Asia (Cambodia) and was established during the Khmer Empire

Malacca

a Muslim port city located in Southeast Asia, Malaysia; played a Huge Role in the Indian Ocean trade Route and became wealthy for taxing

Maya city-states

Located in Latin America; part of Maya Empire with each city state and its surrounding area ruled by a king

Mexica (Aztecs)

an empire located in central Mexico/Latin America

Inca (1438)

Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create an empire incorporating various Andean cultures: term also used for leader of empire

Andes Mountains

located from north to south of the Inca empire (from Central to South America)

Mesa Verde

Cliff dwellings; multi-story homes on sides of cliffs using sandstone; belonged to ancestral Puebloans

Cahokia

Largest Native American civilization in North America that lived near Mississippi River

Chichen Itza

A major religious city of the Maya civilization

Cuzco

Capital of the Inca Empire

Pachacuti

the last Incan Ruler who expanded the empire

Mita system

Incan economical system for payment of taxes by labor

Waru-waru

An Incan agricultural technique in which water creates a channel around growing crops

Machu picchu

An Inca settlement located in the Andes Mountains; believed to be used as place of worship as it was so hard to get to and so high up

Quipu

An arrangement of colored knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information - the equivalent to writing in Incan Culture

Aztecs (1428!!)

located in Central Mexico; originally nomads from the north

Terrace farming

ppears as steps cut into a mountainside. Enabled the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations.

Lake Texoco

lead to the founding of the aztec capital of Tenochtitlan; had a small island

Yucatan Peninsula

Geographic location of the Mayan people located on present day Central America.

Tenochtitlan

capital of the Aztec empire

Chinampas

Aztec floating gardens; a tiny dirt island with crops in a body of water

Mali

an empire located in West Africa; participated in Trans Saharan Route; traded gold and salt and other goods

Sundiata

the first king of the Mali Empire

Berbers

a group of people from northern Africa (mostly muslim) who traded across the sahara desert with their camels; they spread islam as they traded

Bantu Migration

movements of Bantu people Southward through Africa;

facilitated transmission of iron technologies and agricultural techniques in Sub-Saharan Africa

Griots

West African Storytellers

Matrilineal Descent

individuals automatically join mother's descent group when born -descent traced through female line -women having higher status

Malaria

parasite transferred through mosquitoes those cutie patooties

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Manorial System

revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants/serfs shared the land; the economic side of feudalism

Holy Roman Empire

an empire composed of lands in Central Europe, largely comprising what is now Germany. The empire, and its relationship with the Church in Rome, helped to spread the influence of Christianity throughout northern Europe.

Charlemagne

crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire; a pious Christian who sought to reform the church and improve education in his kingdom; bro was frankish and united franks but i doubt that part is important

Knights

hired to protect the land in Europe; in return for service they were given land

Code of Chivalry

a complex set of ideals that knights were to abide by

Guilds

A group of tradesmen or craftsmen engaged in the same occupation joined together.

Vassals

What Lesser lords become after they swore allegiance to greater lords; a person granted land by a feudal lord in return for services idek bro

Serfdom

Type of labor used in feudalism where the laborers work the land for protection, but are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to pursue a new occupation or even marry without permission from the lord they are serving

Monarchy

A form of government where political power is ruled by a single ruler such as a king or queen

three field system

only a third of the land was left unplanted each year, to regain fertility.

Black Death

a pandemic that spread all across Europe

Johannes Gutenberg

developed movable type for the printing press; printed bibles; made books more available, and more people learned to read

Prince Henry the Navigator

encouraged maritime exploration and trade. Most famous Portuguese trader prince Henry(paid for expeditions along Africa’s Atlantic coast allowing Portugal to explore further than other European nations.)

Kievan Rus

The first major East Slavic/Russian state; became a powerful empire in Europe; spread Christianity eastward

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade; Christian from Italy

Venice

where marco polo was from; it’s in italy if your slow

Constantinople

fostered trade between Asia, Europe, and Africa..basically center of exchange of products between East and West; carried on Roman legacy; Silk Road

Magna Carta

a document that was signed by King John by force, and lawfully stated that no one can surpass the law, not even the king. It states that every man has trial to jury and has a right to speak in court.  If the king broke these rules then he would be impeached and excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church

Little Ice Age

hurt harvests immensely; causin a widespread of famine and hunger across Europe (13th century)

100 Years War

a long war between England and France that nobody won

1206

Genghis Khan begins Mongol Conquests

1258 (end of Abbasid Caliphate)

Mongols sack Bagshdad (Middle East)

1324

Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage

1428

Rise of Aztec Empire

1438

Rise of Inca Empire

Marco Polo travels

1271-1295

Yuan Dynasty

1279-1368

Travels of Ibn Battuta

1325-1349

Bubonic Plague in Europe (Black Death)

1347-1348

Ming Dynasty

1368-1644

Zheng’s Voyages

1405-1433

Golden Horde

* Batu’s army conquered Russia Kingdoms
* Tribute relationship (got more than needed = used to build strong military)
* Pushed Mongols out of battle of Kulikovo
* Separated Russia from Europe

Il Khanate

* Hulegu’s army conquered Islamic heartlands (Abbasid territories)
* Destroyed Baghdad
* Used Persians as ministers to collect taxes

Yuan Dynasty

* Kublai Khan conquered Song Dynasty, Sinification = Yuan Dynasty
* Rebuilt new capital Dadu
* Ended Scholar Gentry and Civil Service Exam
* Religious tolerance - Buddhism and Daoism revival; loyal followers of Mongols
* Remain separated from Chinese
* 1368 Ming Dynasty was established

Ogodei Khan

* not as skilled military
* Continued expansion into Armenia, Azerbaijan and Indus Valley
* developed more efficient bureaucracy