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Song Dynasty
Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 CE) that could be considered their "golden age" when China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia; paper money, gun powder
Neo-Confucianism
A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements, represented the variety in religions being created at the time
Sinification
Spread of Chinese Culture
Tibetan Confucianism
a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime. Chanting is emphasized
Deez
Nuts
Champa Rice
Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; led to increased populations in Song Dynasty China. Originally introduced into Vietnam
Tribute System
A system in which other countries were required to pay money or products in order to respect the Chinese emperor.
used to regulate Chinese relationships with northern nomads, neighboring states of Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, and Japan
Great Canal
connects northern and southern China (linking Yellow and Yangtze River)
Foot Binding
Patriarchy becomes more ingrained, originally done as an illustration of wealth, keeps women from growing fully and stops them from working
Zheng He
greatest admiral in China; He was Muslim and led seven expeditions of huge treasure fleets into the Indian Ocean
Woodblock printing
invented during Tan Dynasty and was first used on textiles then paper
Jurchen
ruled northern China during the Song Dynasty
Seljuk Empire
An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunni Muslims, lasting (1037 to 1194 A.D.)
Sig: the decline/collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate allowed for the Seljuk and other Turkish peoples to emerge and create powerful new political groups
Mamluk Sultanate
in Egypt, it was established and prospered with trade in cotton and sugar and were a threat to Abbasid Empire
House of Wisdom
Large Islamic-based Library and learning center. Focus of conversion of Greek and Roman classics and Indian learning into Arabic. Preserved knowledge.
Battle of Talas (751 CE)
Stopped China from expanding further west, Spread Islam in Central Asia
Battle of Tours (732 CE)
Stopped islamic expansion into Europe
Cordoba
Spain’s Capital during the Abbasids rule
Polygyny
One man with multiple wives
The Thousand and One Nights
Arabian
Viziers
Strong advisers who gained positions over sultans.
Madrasa
These are colleges for Islamic education. A student at one of these would learn all aspects of Islam as well as more secular studies, like math.
Ibn Sina
well known Muslim philosopher and scientist; wrote Canon of Medicine that set the standards for medical practice
Rumi
a poet and mystic who lived during the Seljuk period; practiced and helped develop Sufism
Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
A Muslim historian; well known for his historical accounts; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations-strong, weak, dissolute.
Delhi Sultanate (1206-526)
turkish-warrioir group that ruled much of northern India; a center of Islamic learning, and numerous madrasas and other educational institutions were established throughout the empire.
Khmer/Angkor Empire
a Hindu-Buddhist state in Southeast Asia, now Cambodia; economy based on agriculture (built excellent irrigation systems and waterways) and exports of goods (spies and stones)
Bhakti movement
An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity; started in Southern India; resembled Sufi muslims and rely on ancient teachings regarding significance of emotion in spiritual life
Buddhist monasticism
A movement in Buddhism that sought to establish monasteries where monks could practice their faith; full devotion to spiritual work
Angkor Wat
a huge Hindu temple that is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu; located in Southeast Asia (Cambodia) and was established during the Khmer Empire
Malacca
a Muslim port city located in Southeast Asia, Malaysia; played a Huge Role in the Indian Ocean trade Route and became wealthy for taxing
Maya city-states
Located in Latin America; part of Maya Empire with each city state and its surrounding area ruled by a king
Mexica (Aztecs)
an empire located in central Mexico/Latin America
Inca (1438)
Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create an empire incorporating various Andean cultures: term also used for leader of empire
Andes Mountains
located from north to south of the Inca empire (from Central to South America)
Mesa Verde
Cliff dwellings; multi-story homes on sides of cliffs using sandstone; belonged to ancestral Puebloans
Cahokia
Largest Native American civilization in North America that lived near Mississippi River
Chichen Itza
A major religious city of the Maya civilization
Cuzco
Capital of the Inca Empire
Pachacuti
the last Incan Ruler who expanded the empire
Mita system
Incan economical system for payment of taxes by labor
Waru-waru
An Incan agricultural technique in which water creates a channel around growing crops
Machu picchu
An Inca settlement located in the Andes Mountains; believed to be used as place of worship as it was so hard to get to and so high up
Quipu
An arrangement of colored knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information - the equivalent to writing in Incan Culture
Aztecs (1428!!)
located in Central Mexico; originally nomads from the north
Terrace farming
ppears as steps cut into a mountainside. Enabled the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations.
Lake Texoco
lead to the founding of the aztec capital of Tenochtitlan; had a small island
Yucatan Peninsula
Geographic location of the Mayan people located on present day Central America.
Tenochtitlan
capital of the Aztec empire
Chinampas
Aztec floating gardens; a tiny dirt island with crops in a body of water
Mali
an empire located in West Africa; participated in Trans Saharan Route; traded gold and salt and other goods
Sundiata
the first king of the Mali Empire
Berbers
a group of people from northern Africa (mostly muslim) who traded across the sahara desert with their camels; they spread islam as they traded
Bantu Migration
movements of Bantu people Southward through Africa;
facilitated transmission of iron technologies and agricultural techniques in Sub-Saharan Africa
Griots
West African Storytellers
Matrilineal Descent
individuals automatically join mother's descent group when born -descent traced through female line -women having higher status
Malaria
parasite transferred through mosquitoes those cutie patooties
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
Manorial System
revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants/serfs shared the land; the economic side of feudalism
Holy Roman Empire
an empire composed of lands in Central Europe, largely comprising what is now Germany. The empire, and its relationship with the Church in Rome, helped to spread the influence of Christianity throughout northern Europe.
Charlemagne
crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire; a pious Christian who sought to reform the church and improve education in his kingdom; bro was frankish and united franks but i doubt that part is important
Knights
hired to protect the land in Europe; in return for service they were given land
Code of Chivalry
a complex set of ideals that knights were to abide by
Guilds
A group of tradesmen or craftsmen engaged in the same occupation joined together.
Vassals
What Lesser lords become after they swore allegiance to greater lords; a person granted land by a feudal lord in return for services idek bro
Serfdom
Type of labor used in feudalism where the laborers work the land for protection, but are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to pursue a new occupation or even marry without permission from the lord they are serving
Monarchy
A form of government where political power is ruled by a single ruler such as a king or queen
three field system
only a third of the land was left unplanted each year, to regain fertility.
Black Death
a pandemic that spread all across Europe
Johannes Gutenberg
developed movable type for the printing press; printed bibles; made books more available, and more people learned to read
Prince Henry the Navigator
encouraged maritime exploration and trade. Most famous Portuguese trader prince Henry(paid for expeditions along Africa’s Atlantic coast allowing Portugal to explore further than other European nations.)
Kievan Rus
The first major East Slavic/Russian state; became a powerful empire in Europe; spread Christianity eastward
Marco Polo
Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade; Christian from Italy
Venice
where marco polo was from; it’s in italy if your slow
Constantinople
fostered trade between Asia, Europe, and Africa..basically center of exchange of products between East and West; carried on Roman legacy; Silk Road
Magna Carta
a document that was signed by King John by force, and lawfully stated that no one can surpass the law, not even the king. It states that every man has trial to jury and has a right to speak in court. If the king broke these rules then he would be impeached and excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church
Little Ice Age
hurt harvests immensely; causin a widespread of famine and hunger across Europe (13th century)
100 Years War
a long war between England and France that nobody won
1206
Genghis Khan begins Mongol Conquests
1258 (end of Abbasid Caliphate)
Mongols sack Bagshdad (Middle East)
1324
Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage
1428
Rise of Aztec Empire
1438
Rise of Inca Empire
Marco Polo travels
1271-1295
Yuan Dynasty
1279-1368
Travels of Ibn Battuta
1325-1349
Bubonic Plague in Europe (Black Death)
1347-1348
Ming Dynasty
1368-1644
Zheng’s Voyages
1405-1433
Golden Horde
Batu’s army conquered Russia Kingdoms
Tribute relationship (got more than needed = used to build strong military)
Pushed Mongols out of battle of Kulikovo
Separated Russia from Europe
Il Khanate
Hulegu’s army conquered Islamic heartlands (Abbasid territories)
Destroyed Baghdad
Used Persians as ministers to collect taxes
Yuan Dynasty
Kublai Khan conquered Song Dynasty, Sinification = Yuan Dynasty
Rebuilt new capital Dadu
Ended Scholar Gentry and Civil Service Exam
Religious tolerance - Buddhism and Daoism revival; loyal followers of Mongols
Remain separated from Chinese
1368 Ming Dynasty was established
Ogodei Khan
not as skilled military
Continued expansion into Armenia, Azerbaijan and Indus Valley
developed more efficient bureaucracy
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