New Phase of the Civil Rights Movement (CRM): Black Power

A set of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture on the new phase of the Civil Rights Movement, focusing on Black Power and associated movements.

Black Power

A slogan introduced by Stokely Carmichael in 1966 demanding political autonomy and rejection of white leadership.

Malcolm X

Critic of integrationist nonviolent strategies, emphasized self-defense and pride, and served as a powerful spokesperson for the NOI.

Nation of Islam (NOI)

A religious and social movement promoting Black nationalism and separation from white society.

Elijah Muhammad

Leader of the Nation of Islam who promoted strict discipline and was questioned by Malcolm X.

Hajj

The pilgrimage to Mecca that transformed Malcolm X’s views on interracial cooperation.

Stokely Carmichael

Chairman of SNCC who shifted the organization toward Black leadership and militant tactics.

Black Panther Party (BPP)

Founded in 1966 for self-defense against police brutality and community survival programs.

RainboW Coalition

A multiracial coalition built by Fred Hampton among poor communities.

Kerner Commission

Investigative body that concluded the nation was becoming two societies, one Black and one white.

Poor People’s Campaign

Initiative led by Martin Luther King Jr. focusing on economic justice and multi-racial coalition.

Memphis Sanitation Strike

Strike by mostly Black workers demanding higher wages and union recognition.

“I AM A MAN” signs

Symbol of dignity displayed during the Memphis sanitation strike.

Robert Kennedy

Advocated for racial reconciliation and was assassinated after winning the California primary.

Chicago Democratic Convention Riots

Police confrontation with anti-war demonstrators that was labeled a police riot.

Community Survival Programs

Initiatives by the BPP, including free meals for children and health clinics.

JohnsoN Administration

Ignored the recommendations of the Kerner Commission for addressing social issues.

Cultural Pride

An important demand of the Black Power movement promoting Black identity and heritage.

Violent Backlash

The response that prompted many activists to radicalize in the mid-1960s due to frustration.

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee that shifted toward Black leadership under Carmichael.

Media Portrayal of BPP

The BPP was depicted as dangerous, overshadowing their community-focused initiatives.

Police Brutality

A key issue faced by activists and a major cause for the formation of the Black Panther Party.